Historical highway markers

Here stood the birthplace of Henry Alexander Wise (1806-1876), Governor of Virginia (1856-1860) and General in the Confederate States Army.

The first high school for blacks in Accomack County was dedicated on this site in 1932.

The island was visited in 1608 by Captain John Smith, who gave it the name.

In April 1814, during the War of 1812, British forces commanded by Adm. Sir George Cockburn established Fort Albion on the southern tip of Tangier Island.

NASA's Wallops Flight Facility, established in 1945 by the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, is one of the oldest launch sites in continuous use in the world.

The Occohannock Indians, one of the important Virginia Indian groups on the Eastern Shore, were composed of several tribes including the Onancock, Machipongo, Metomkin, Chincoteague, Kegotank, Pungoteague, Chesconessex, and Nandua.

Two miles west is Onancock, founded in 1680.

Five miles west was the home of the Rev. Francis Makemie, founder of Presbyterianism in the United States.

Two miles east, on Rte. 600, meets what is possibly the nation's oldest continuous Sunday School.

This first play recorded in the United States was presented August 27, 1665.

Probable site of Fowkes' Tavern where this first recorded play in English America was performed August 27, 1665.

Built in 1783 in one corner of the jailyard to serve as residence for the jailer, the building served in this capacity for 41 years.

Joshua Thomas (1776-1853) became a skilled waterman in his youth and ferried clergymen from the mainland to the islands of the Chesapeake Bay.

The Civil Air Patrol, a civilian organization established during World War II, operated Coastal Patrol Base Four about one mile west of here at the Parksley airport.

The site of Gargaphia, the home plantation of Anne Toft (ca. 1642-ca.

This school was built in 1925 to serve the children of Whitesville, an African American community that had developed alongside Parksley in the 1880s.

Fifty yards north on the hilltop stood Assawaman Church of the Anglican Accomack Parish, formed in 1663.

James Monroe, fifth president of the U.S., owned property here from 1793 to 1828.

Free State, a community of free African Americans, stood here.

Shadrach Battles, a free person of color born probably in Albemarle County, was a Revolutionary War soldier.

Ben Brown and other newly freed slaves, who founded the community after the Civil War, first named the settlement Egypt and then Bethel.

Thomas Sumter was born on 14 Aug. 1734 in this region.

The 19th-century mill village of Rio Mills stood 600 yards west of here, where the former Harrisonburg-Charlottesville Turnpike crossed the South Fork of the Rivanna River.

Near here, on both sides of the Rivanna River, was located the Monacan Indian village of Monasukapanough.

The Rev. Frederick W. Neve, born in England and educated at Oxford, came to Virginia in 1888 to serve as rector of St. Paul's Episcopal Church, here, and Emmanuel Church in Greenwood.

Here stands the Barclay House, built about 1830, later the home of Dr. James Turner Barclay, inventor for the U.S. Mint and missionary to Jerusalem.

In 1745 Old Albemarle County was organized at Scott's landing, its first county seat, here on the Great Horseshoe Bend of the James River.

James A. Brown began operating a store and ferry at this site on rented property in the late 1870s.

The Staunton and James River Turnpike ran through here at Batesville and stretched for 43 ½ miles from Staunton to Scottsville.

Earlysville Union Church is a rare surviving early-19th-century interdenominational church constructed in Albemarle County.

Extending from the Orange County line on the north to the outskirts of Charlottesville with the Southwest Mountains forming its spine, this historic district encompasses more than 31,000 acres and contains some of the Piedmont's most pristine and scenic countryside.

In 1866 Dr. William D. Boaz established the first commercial apple orchard in Covesville.

Just to the south was Mount Warren, the home of Wilson Cary Nicholas.

Bounded by the James River to the south and the Rivanna River to the north, this nationally significant district encompasses 83,627 acres.

The Scots-Irish settled the Greenwood-Afton area in the 1730s, linking the agriculturally rich Shenandoah Valley with eastern Virginia.

The St. John School, built here in 1922-1923, served African American students during the segregation era.

Soon after the Civil War, the Rev. Robert Hughes (1821-1895) and other freedmen organized Union Branch Baptist Church, later known as Union Run Baptist Church.

Just north was a classical school conducted by the Rev. James Maury, Rector of Fredericksville Parish from 1754 to 1769.

On 3 Mar. 1865, after the Battle of Waynesboro, Maj. Gen. Philip H. Sheridan's Union Army of the Shenandoah entered Charlottesville.

Half a mile north was born, 1774, Meriwether Lewis, of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, sent by Jefferson to explore the Far West, 1804-1806.

During the Shenandoah Valley Campaign (March-June 1862) Confederate Maj. Gen. Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson used deceptive maneuvers and sharp attacks to divert Union forces from the Peninsula Campaign against Richmond.

Jesse Pitman Lewis (d. March 8, 1849), of the Virginia Militia, and Taliaferro Lewis (d. July 12, 1810), of the Continental Line, two of several brothers who fought in the war for independence, are buried in the Lewis family cemetery 100 yards south of this marker.

Nearby stands Mirador, the childhood home of Nancy, Viscountess Astor, the first woman member of Parliament.

Villages such as Advance Mills were once common features of rural Virginia, serving as economic and social centers.

In Jan. 1779, during the American Revolution, 4,000 British troops and German mercenaries (commonly known as “Hessians”) captured following the Battle of Saratoga in New York arrived here after marching from Massachusetts.

The town grew around a rail stop established on Wayland's farm in 1876.

On February 29, 1864, General George A. Custer and 1500 cavalrymen made a diversionary raid into Albemarle County.

George Rogers Clark was born a mile northeast of here on 19 Nov. 1752.

Philip Mazzei, a Tuscan merchant and horticulturist, arrived in Virginia in 1773 and was persuaded by Thomas Jefferson to settle here.

Thomas Jefferson--author of the Declaration of Independence, third president of the United States, and founder of the University of Virginia--was born near this site on 13 April 1743.

William Randolph patented the Edgehill plantation, just to the north, in 1735.

The original house was built in 1765 by Doctor Thomas Walker, explorer and pioneer.

A bequest of Samuel Miller (1792-1869) provided funds to found the Miller School in 1878.

The vestry of Fredericksville Parish commissioned a church for this site in 1745.

Albemarle County Albemarle County was formed in 1744 from Goochland County and named for William Anne Keppel, the second Earl of Albemarle, titular governor of Virginia from 1737 to 1754.

Albemarle County Albemarle County was formed in 1744 from Goochland County and named for William Anne Keppel, the second Earl of Albemarle, titular governor of Virginia from 1737 to 1754.

Alexandria was named for the family of John Alexander, a Virginia planter who in 1669 acquired the tract on which the town began.

On 21 Aug. 1939, five young African American men applied for library cards at the new Alexandria Library to protest its whites-only policy.

On 17 Dec. 1785, George Washington endowed a school here in the recently established Alexandria Academy "for the purpose of educating orphan children."

On this site stood Beth El Hebrew Congregation's synagogue, the first structure built as a Jewish house of worship in the Washington metropolitan area.

"Light Horse Harry" Lee, Revolutionary War officer, owned this land in 1784.

Most of the American and French armies set sail from three ports in Maryland--Annapolis, Baltimore, and Head of Elk--in mid-Sept.

Federal authorities established a cemetery here for newly freed African Americans during the Civil War.

American Indians first frequented Jones Point to hunt and fish.

Alfred Street Baptist Church is home to the oldest African American congregation in Alexandria, dating to the early 19th century.

Isaac Franklin and John Armfield leased this brick building with access to the wharves and docks in 1828 as a holding pen for enslaved people being shipped from Northern Virginia to Louisiana.

Named for Toussaint L'Ouverture, the Haitian revolutionary, L’Ouverture Hospital opened early in 1864 near the Freedmen’s barracks in Alexandria to serve sick and injured United States Colored Troops (USCT).

Alexandria, occupied by Union troops during the Civil War, became a refuge for African Americans escaping slavery.

On this site stood Parker-Gray High School, the first high school for African American students in Alexandria.

African Americans escaping slavery found refuge in Alexandria after Union troops occupied the city in 1861.

At the end of the 18th century, African Americans constituted almost half the congregation at Alexandria's Trinity Methodist Episcopal Church.

Alexandria, occupied by Union troops in 1861, attracted many African Americans escaping slavery.

Prince Hall Masonry originated in Massachusetts in 1775 when a lodge attached to the British army initiated Prince Hall and 14 other free black men as Freemasons.

After Virginia seceded in the spring of 1861, Unionists met in Wheeling and organized a state government loyal to the U.S. under Gov. Francis H. Pierpont.

Earl Lloyd, a Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Famer, grew up on this block, attended the segregated Parker-Gray High School, and graduated from West Virginia State College.

The City of Alexandria purchased 15.5 acres here in 1933 and opened George Washington High School in 1935.

The house here at 1312 Wythe St. is the only original dwelling from the once-thriving, predominantly African American neighborhood known as Colored Rosemont.

Half mile to the southwest.

Episcopal High School, on the hill to the southwest, was founded in 1839 as a boys' preparatory school, one of the first in the South; girls were admitted in 1991.

Fort Breckenridge, also called Fort Mann, stood three miles west at the mouth of Falling Spring Creek.

Here stand the earliest coke ovens of the Low Moor Iron Company (organized 1873).

Just over the state line in West Virginia is the grave of physician and politician John Floyd.

This park was developed by the National Park Service, Interior Department, through the Civilian Conservation Corps, in conjunction with the Virginia Conservation Commission.

First called the Church by the Spring, Oakland Grove Church may have been organized as early as 1834, but it was officially established circa 1847 as a mission of Covington Presbyterian Church.

This furnace was built in 1827 by Ironmasters John Jordan and John Irvine and was named for their wives.

Low Moor Lodge No. 166, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, commissioned this Neo-Classical Revival–style opera house and lodge, erected in 1905 at a cost of about $40,000.

In 1937, after the Clifton Forge chapter of the NAACP decried the lack of outdoor recreation areas for African Americans, the U.S. Forest Service agreed to open a new park here for Black patrons, who were not then welcome in nearby Douthat State Park.

R. Arliner Young, zoologist, was born in Clifton Forge.

Alleghany County Formed in 1822 from Bath, Botetourt, and Monroe, and named for the Alleghany Mountains.

Alleghany County The Virginia General Assembly formed Alleghany Co. in 1822 from parts of Bath, Botetourt, and Monroe.

Alleghany County Formed in 1822 from Bath, Botetourt, and Monroe, and named for the Alleghany Mountains.

West Virginia West Virginia was long a part of Virginia.

West Virginia West Virginia was long a part of Virginia.

Lee's army, retreating toward Danville, reached this place, April 4-5, 1865, only to find that the supplies ordered here had gone on to Richmond.

Near here Lee, moving south toward Danville, in the afternoon of April 5, 1865 found the road blocked by Sheridan.

After evacuating Petersburg and Richmond on 2-3 Apr. 1865, Gen. Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia retreated west to Amelia Court House to obtain supplies and then turn south to North Carolina.

Sheridan reached here on April 4, 1865 with cavalry and the Fifth Corps, and entrenched.

From here Union cavalry moved north on April 5, 1865 to ascertain Lee's whereabouts.

Three miles north is Amelia Springs, once a noted summer resort.

(Obverse) This is the Hillsman House, used by the Unionists as a hospital in the engagement of April 6, 1865.

Born Mary Virginia Hawes at Dennisville about eight miles south, Harland was a prolific author, producing a syndicated newspaper column for women, many short stories, 25 novels, 25 volumes on domestic life, and 12 books on travel, biography, and Virginia history.

Noted lawyer and statesman William Branch Giles was born 12 Aug. 1762 in Amelia County and educated at Hampden-Sydney College, Princeton, and the College of William and Mary.

Near here Custer, commanding advance guard of the Army of the Potomac, struck and drove back Fitz Lee, left flank guard of Army of Northern Virginia, April 3, 1865.

McDowell Delaney was born to free African American parents in Amelia County.

Rosa Bowser, educator and social reformer, was enslaved at birth at Clay Hill plantation in Amelia County.

Amelia County Formed in 1734 from Prince George and Brunswick, and named for Princess Amelia, daughter of King George II.

Established in 1910 as the Virginia State Epileptic Colony, the center admitted its first patients in May 1911.

Patented in 1742 by John Bolling, Jr., the 2,735-acre Buffalo Lick Plantation tract along the James River includes three notable historic sites.

Confederate earthworks and artillery positions, likely built by enslaved African Americans, were established near here late in 1863 to defend Lynchburg against attack from the north.

This Liberal Arts College for women, opened in 1906, granted its first Bachelor of Arts Degrees in 1910.

Nearby stood Rucker's Chapel, one of the first Anglican (present-day Episcopal) churches in Amherst County.

Near here lived Anthony and Benjamin Rucker, inventors of the James River batteau, which superseded the double dugout canoe and rolling road for transporting tobacco hogsheads.

Heavy rains early in 1854 left the James River and the treacherous Balcony Falls in full flood.

Emma Serena Dillard “Queena” Stovall, artist, was born outside Lynchburg and for 35 years lived near here on a farm called the Wigwam.

Amherst County opened Central High School here in 1956 to serve African American students.

Bear Mountain is the spiritual center of the Monacan community.

In 1938, in celebration of the 150th anniversary of the United States Constitution, the Virginia Daughters of the American Revolution sponsored the planting of Constitution Forest in this area.

Sarah Winston Syme Henry (ca. 1710-1784) was born to a prominent family in Hanover County.

On 11 June 1864, about 800 yards east, the Botetourt Battery prevented the destruction of the Orange and Alexandria Railroad bridge across the Tye River.

Amherst County Formed in 1761 from Albemarle, and named for Jeffrey, Lord Amherst, British commander in the French and Indian War.

Nelson County In the foothills of Virginia's Piedmont, Nelson County was formed in 1807 from Amherst County.

Amherst County Area 470 Square Miles Formed in 1761 from Albemarle, and named for Jeffrey, Lord Amherst, British commander in the French and Indian War.

Rockbridge County Formed in 1778 from Augusta and Botetourt, and named for the Natural Bridge.

The South Side Railroad provided service at Concord in 1854 when the track was completed from Petersburg to Lynchburg.

Two miles north, at sunrise of April 9, 1865, Fitz Lee and Gordon, moving westward, attacked Sheridan's position.

At the McLean house at Appomattox, two miles north, took place the meeting between Lee and Grant to arrange terms for the surrender of the Army of Northern Virginia.

This building, erected in 1892 when the county seat was moved to this location, should not be mistaken for the original, built in 1846 and destroyed by fire in 1892.

Near this building stood the station of the South Side Railroad where, on April 8, 1865, three trains unloading supplies for the Army of Northern Virginia were captured by units of Sheridan's Union Cavalry under Gen. Geo.

West Africans developed the forerunners of the modern banjo.

On the morning of 9 April 1865, Union forces closed in on Gen. Robert E. Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia.

Three miles north is Eldon, birthplace and home of Henry D. "Hal" Flood (2 Sept.1865-8 Dec.1921).

According to local tradition, residents of this region were making clay smoking pipes here by the mid-eighteenth century.

Nearby is buried Joel Walker Sweeney (ca. 1810-1860), the musician who redesigned this African instrument into the modern five-string banjo that is known today.

Union and Confederate forces engaged in combat near here on 8 and 9 April 1865, in the closing days of the Civil War.

On 8 Apr. 1865, Gen. Robert E. Lee and his Army of Northern Virginia, retreating from Petersburg toward Pittsylvania County, reached the hills to the northeast.

Thomas S. Bocock, lawyer and politician, was born in present-day Appomattox Co. (then part of Buckingham Co.) on 18 May 1815.

The Holiday Lake 4-H Educational Center represents the history of both 1930s land management by New Deal programs and the 4-H organization in Virginia.

Prince Edward County Formed in 1753 from Amelia, and named for Prince Edward, son of Frederick, Prince of Wales, and younger brother of King George III.

Campbell County Campbell County was created from Bedford County by the Virginia General Assembly in 1781 and named for Gen. William Campbell, one of the heroes of the Battle of King's Mountain in 1780.

Appomattox County Formed in 1845 from Buckingham, Prince Edward, Charlotte, and Campbell, and named for an Indian tribe.

Although dueling was illegal in Virginia, Secretary of State Henry Clay challenged U.S. Senator John Randolph of Roanoke.

On September 9, 1908, near this site, Orville Wright carried aloft in public his first passenger, Lt. Frank P. Lahm, for a flight lasting 6 minutes and 24 seconds.

Orville Wright made his first heavier-than-air flight in Virginia at Fort Myer for the U.S. Army on 3 Sept. 1908.

Dr. Lilli Vincenz was a pioneering leader whose work as a journalist, filmmaker, and psychotherapist empowered the national gay civil rights movement.

Margaret Elizabeth Pfohl Campbell was born to a Moravian family in North Carolina, where her upbringing and education led her to devote her life to seeking educational opportunities for others.

Two and a half miles northwest.

The Rev. John Blair, a minister influenced by the Great Awakening, organized New Providence Presbyterian Church about 1746.

Two miles west.

Here stood, from the early 19th century until the mid-1900s, the tavern and stagecoach stop first owned by Peter Hanger.

Soon after the Civil War ended in 1865, Confederate veteran Charles S. Roller began teaching at the Old Stone Church nearby at Ft. Defiance.

Nestled here in the countryside south of Staunton, along historic Middlebrook Road, is one of the oldest villages in the region.

Salem Evangelical Lutheran Church traces its existence to 1789 when Shenandoah Valley circuit preacher Paul Henkel held services for the German community in a schoolhouse nearby at Seawright Springs.

Shenandoah Valley circuit-riding preacher Paul Henkel formed Mount Tabor Lutheran Church about 1785, several miles to the east.

On 5 June 1864, Confederate Brig. Gen. William E. “Grumble” Jones deployed his 5,600-man force to stop Union Maj. Gen. David Hunter's advance on Staunton.

The Augusta Stone Church, Virginia's oldest Presbyterian church in continuous use west of the Blue Ridge Mountains, opened on 22 Jan. 1749.

John Craig, born in County Antrim, Ireland, and educated in Edinburgh, Scotland, immigrated to America in 1734.

The vestry of Augusta Parish purchased 200 acres here in 1749 to serve as a glebe, farmland set aside to support the minister.

Colonists first settled Mossy Creek in the 1740s.

Five miles west is the birthplace of Virginia Institute, founded in 1842 by David F. Bittle, assisted by Christopher C. Baughman.

In 1947 the Woodrow Wilson Rehabilitation Center became the first state comprehensive rehabilitation center in the United States.

Augusta County, created by the Virginia General Assembly in 1738, was formally organized in 1745.

The U.S. Army, needing stateside medical facilities during World War II, broke ground for Woodrow Wilson General Hospital here in June 1942.

Five miles east, formerly known as Woods' Gap.

John Colter, born in Stuart's Draft about 1775, was a member of the northwest expedition led by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark (1804-1806).

Near this spot in 1764, Shawnee Indians killed John Tremble (Trimble) in the last such event in Augusta County.

Confederate troops, the remnant of the Army of the Northwest commanded by Brig. Gen. Edward "Allegheny" Johnson, constructed this fortification about 1 Apr. 1862 to protect the Shenandoah Valley, the "Breadbasket of the Confederacy."

This was first the southern branch of the "Triple Forks of Shenandoah" congregation, which called John Craig as pastor in 1741.

Born near Churchville on 25 Feb. 1843, Hanger joined the Churchville Cavalry at Phillipi, W.Va., on 2 June 1861, where the next morning he was wounded.

One mile north is the grave of John Lewis, first settler in this region, who came here in 1732 and died in 1762.

George Caleb Bingham, a renowned American genre painter of the 19th century, was born in a frame house just north of here on 20 March 1811.

Mount Pleasant, a venerable stone dwelling exemplifying traditional Shenandoah Valley domestic architecture, was likely erected after John Archer acquired the property in 1761.

George Moffett (1735-1811), a prominent regional military and civic leader, had joined the Augusta County militia by 1758.

A rural African-American school stood here by 1874.

Newlyweds Anna Mary Robertson Moses (later known as Grandma Moses) and her husband Thomas arrived in Augusta County from New York in 1887, renting several farms before purchasing Mt. Airy, a large brick Federal style house built in 1830.

The village of Stokesville, established by 1901, became a boomtown after the Chesapeake Western Railway was extended here in 1902.

Augusta County Formed in 1738 from Orange, and named for Augusta, Princess of Wales and mother of King George III.

Augusta County Formed in 1738 from Orange, and named for Augusta, Princess of Wales and mother of King George III.

Rockingham County During its October 1777 session, the Virginia General Assembly carved Rockingham County out of a large portion of Augusta County.

Col. Charles Lewis, younger brother of Gen. Andrew Lewis, acquired 950 acres of land on the Cowpasture River in June 1750.

After 112 years in buildings near the Warm Springs mineral baths a mile northeast, the Bath County Court moved to this site in 1908.

Bath County was formed in 1790 from parts of Augusta, Botetourt, and Greenbrier counties.

The Tidewater Hardwood Company built a lumber mill and company town here, 1920-1922, naming it Bacova, a contraction for Bath Co., Va.

Born in Waynesboro to former slaves, William H. Sheppard became a Presbyterian missionary to the Belgian colony of Congo Free State in 1890.

Nannie Crump West, Christian missionary and youth advocate, founded Camp Mont Shenandoah in 1927 for girls from Virginia's elite families.

The Warm Springs Baths, an example of 19th-century medicinal resort architecture, formed the centerpiece of a small village that served as the seat of Bath County from 1791 until 1908.

African Americans, exercising newfound autonomy after the Civil War, purchased land here on the western slope of Little Mountain and established the community of West Warm Springs.

The courthouse town of Warm Springs reflects more than 200 years of settlement in the Warm Springs Valley.

Camp Alkulana, one of Virginia’s oldest residential summer camps, was established in 1915 and moved here in 1917.

The site was about one-half mile north of the river.

Nearby is the site of Terrill Hill, home of the Terrill brothers of Bath County.

Scotch-Irish Presbyterians, seeking freedom of worship and led by the Rev. Alexander Craighead, built a log meetinghouse a mile and a half down the Cowpasture River about 1749.

Millboro began as a settlement around Cady's Tunnel, built by the Central Virginia Railroad.

The Mountain Grove community grew up around William Gatewood's plantation in the early 19th century.

Artist William Sergeant Kendall (1869-1938) and his wife Christine Herter Kendall (1890-1981) built this house soon after they arrived in Virginia in 1922.

Born In Thaxton, Bedford County, Lettie Pate Whitehead Evans played a major role In the early distribution of bottled Coca-Cola.

Mary Johnston, a novelist, historian, playwright, suffragist, and social advocate, lived here at Three Hills.

T. C. Walker School, which opened in 1930, was named for Thomas Calhoun Walker a former slave from Gloucester County who became the first African American attorney in Virginia.

Union Hurst, a school for African Americans, was built near here on Pine Hurst Heights Road between 1924 and 1925.

Here is the home of John Goode, political leader, born 1829, died, 1909.

The trustees of Randolph-Macon College, a Methodist institution in Ashland, opened Randolph-Macon Academy here in 1890.

This place became the county seat of Bedford when it was moved from New London in 1782.

This road was followed by General Hunter when he crossed the Blue Ridge at the Peaks of Otter and came to Bedford en route to Lynchburg, June 16, 1864.

Oakwood Plantation was built here ca. 1780 for Capt. William Terry, a Revolutionary War officer.

Susie G. Gibson (1878-1949), teacher and community activist, was Bedford County’s supervisor of African American education for 22 years.

Near here stood a fortified dwelling used for shelter during periods of warfare between European colonists and Native Americans.

Near here General Hunter, on his retreat from Lynchburg, halted for the night of June 18, 1864.

The Lynchburg and Salem Turnpike Co. was incorporated in 1818 to build a turnpike from Lynchburg west to Salem.

Nearby are buried several prominent area settlers and their descendants.

Poplar Forest, Thomas Jefferson's Bedford County retreat house and plantation, is 1.5 miles south of here.

St. Stephen's Episcopal Church, about a mile northwest of here, was established by the Rev. Nicholas Hamner Cobbs in 1824.

Chartered by the state in 1795, this is the oldest secondary school in Virginia in continuous operation under its own charter.

On 2 July 1889, a heavy storm turned nearby Wolf Creek into a raging river.

Appalachian Power Company constructed Smith Mountain and Leesville Dams between 1960 and 1963 to generate hydroelectric energy.

A Quaker meeting was established on Goose Creek in 1757, and a meeting house built.

Within a few miles of here lived and died Joel Leftwich, militia general, legislator, justice of the peace, and Revolutionary War veteran.

Morgans Baptist Church, earlier known as Goose Creek Church, was organized in 1771 and is the oldest-existing Baptist church in Bedford County.

Bedford County Bedford County was probably named for the English statesman John Russell, fourth duke of Bedford.

Botetourt County Formed in 1769 from Augusta, and named for Lord Botetourt, Governor of Virginia 1768-70.

Bedford County Formed in 1753 from Lunenburg and Albemarle, and named for the fourth Duke of Bedford, English statesman.

Bedford County Formed in 1753 from Lunenburg and Albemarle, and named for the fourth Duke of Bedford, English statesman.

Roanoke County Formed in 1838 from Botetourt and Montgomery, and probably named for the Roanoke River.

The community center was first known as Crab Orchard.

William Elbert Munsey was born a few miles east in the mountains of Giles (present-day Bland) County on 13 July 1833.

Samuel H. Newberry, a captain in the Confederate army who represented Bland and Pulaski Counties in the Virginia House of Delegates from 1865 to 1867, lived here at Eagle Oak.

Henry Casper Groseclose (1892-1950), a native of Ceres, was one of the founders of Future Farmers of Virginia (FFV).

Giles County Formed in 1806 from Montgomery, Tazewell, and Monroe, and named for William B. Giles, United States Senator and Governor of Virginia 1827-30.

Nearby stood Capt. Audley Paul's fort, built in 1757 during the French and Indian War (1754-1763) as one in a series of fortifications to protect Virginia's frontier.

The Great Valley Road, which carried many settlers of European descent through Virginia beginning in the 1740s, crossed the James River nearby.

Near here took place the historic meeting of John C. Moomaw and C. M. Thomas that led to the termination of the Shenandoah Valley Railroad at Big Lick (now Roanoke), April, 1881.

Looney's Ferry, established in 1742, was the first crossing over James River in this region.

Cartmill's (Cartmell) Gap A-92 Cartmill’s Gap, just northwest, is named for Henry Cartmill, who acquired land nearby on Purgatory Creek.

The Carolina Road passed here on its route from Pennsylvania through the Valley of Virginia to the Carolina backcountry and beyond.

Robert Harvey established an agricultural and industrial complex here about 1790 that processed iron ore.

Norvel Lee was born in Botetourt County and grew up a mile northeast of here.

Miller's place here was selected as the county seat of Botetourt in 1770.

Capt. William Preston constructed Fort William nearby in 1755 during the French and Indian War (1754-1763), part of a broader imperial conflict between Great Britain and France known as the Seven Years’ War.

Half a mile west stood Greenfield, the home of Col. William Preston.

The (Roanoke) Valley Baptist Association was organized on 7 August 1841 at nearby Zion Hill Baptist Church.

Near here is Santillane, one of Botetourt County's most distinguished properties.

Breckinridge Mill is a rare survivor of the grain and milling industry that figured significantly in the economy of antebellum Virginia.

On 15 December 1970, fire gutted the 1848 Greek Revival-style Botetourt County courthouse.

Daleville College began as a private school that Church of the Brethren educator Isaac N. H. Beahm conducted for the children of Benjamin F. Nininger and George Layman in 1890.

In 1973, after a decade in which recreational cycling became increasingly popular among young Americans, four cycling enthusiasts began planning Bikecentennial76 to mark the nation’s bicentennial.

Botetourt County Formed in 1769 from Augusta, and named for Lord Botetourt, Governor of Virginia 1768-70.

Botetourt County Formed in 1769 from Augusta, and named for Lord Botetourt, Governor of Virginia 1768-70.

The Sapling Grove tract (Bristol) was surveyed for John Tayloe, 1749.

Evan Shelby settled here about 1770 on a tract called Sapling Grove and established a fort and trading post.

In 1865, at the dawn of their freedom from slavery, 42 former members of the white-led Goodson (now First) Baptist Church organized the Anglo African Baptist Church.

Col. Robert Preston (1750-1833) acquired 720 acres here in the 1780s and established Walnut Grove.

The Rev. James King donated land for railroad facilities here in 1848, before the town of Bristol took root early in the 1850s.

Charles S. Johnson, sociologist, author, and civil rights leader, was born in Bristol, son of a 42-year pastor of Lee Street Baptist Church.

At Birch's Bridge (very near this bridge) the second William Byrd and his party crossed the river, in September, 1733, on their way to inspect Byrd's land holdings in North Carolina.

About 1/4 mile south is the site of Ebenezer Academy, one of the first Methodist schools in the United States.

A branch of the Nottoway, named for the huge fish once caught in it.

The Virginia General Assembly established Brunswick County in 1720 to encourage English settlement between the fall line and French outposts west of the Blue Ridge Mountains.

Nearby to the south stood Fort Christanna, a wooden structure built in 1714 under the auspices of Alexander Spotswood and the Virginia Indian Company.

According to local tradition, while Dr. Creed Haskins and several friends were on a hunting trip in Brunswick County in 1828, his camp cook, Jimmy Matthews, hunted squirrels for a stew.

According to local tradition, while Dr. Creed Haskins and several friends were on a hunting trip in Brunswick County in 1828, his camp cook, Jimmy Matthews, hunted squirrels for a stew.

The Meherrin Indians lived in the coastal plain of Virginia and North Carolina along the Meherrin River.

The Union General Wilson, returning to Grant's army from a raid to Staunton River, crossed the road near here, June, 1864.

The Brunswick Circuit, established in 1773 by Robert Williams, is likely the oldest Methodist circuit in America.

Nellie Pratt Russell, educator, attended Howard University and was one of six incorporators of Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, the first Greek letter organization founded by African American women.

By 1772, Zachariah Thompson, a Baptist minister based in North Carolina, had founded a church here on Reedy Creek.

According to local tradition, while Dr. Creed Haskins and several friends were on a hunting trip in Brunswick County in 1828, his camp cook, Jimmy Matthews, hunted squirrels for a stew.

Near here stood Mason's Chapel, one of the earliest Methodist churches in southern Virginia.

Smoky Ordinary, built 1/2 mile northeast of here by 1750, provided lodging, food, and drink to travelers on the north-south stage road.

Saint Paul's College was established in 1883 by the Venerable James Solomon Russell (1857-1935) as an Episcopal mission school to serve the black community of Southside Virginia.

Among the earliest of the more than a dozen Julius Rosenwald Schools built in Brunswick County, Saint Paul's Chapel School was constructed as a one-teacher standard plan in 1920 under the initial wave of Tuskegee Institute-administered building funds.

John L. Whitehead Jr., fighter pilot, was born in Lawrenceville.

Nearby to the south stood Fort Christanna, a wooden structure built in 1714 under the auspices of Alexander Spotswood and the Virginia Indian Company.

According to local tradition, while Dr. Creed Haskins and several friends were on a hunting trip in Brunswick County in 1828, his camp cook, Jimmy Matthews, hunted squirrels for a stew.

Dinwiddie County Formed in 1752 from Prince George, and named for Robert Dinwiddie, Governor of Virginia 1751-56.

Mecklenburg County Formed in 1764 from Lunenburg, and named for Princess Charlotte, of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, queen of George III.

This place became the county seat when Buchanan County was formed, in 1858, and was probably named for Felix Grundy of Tennessee, statesman.

Helen Timmons Henderson, born in Missouri and raised in Tennessee, was one of the first two women elected to Virginia's General Assembly.

Buchanan County Buchanan County is situated in the heart of Southwest Virginia's coalfields in the Appalachian Plateau and was formed from Tazewell and Russell Counties in 1858.

Kentucky The first permanent settlement was made at Harrodsburg in 1774.

Three miles east is the birthplace of the noted teacher, educator and historian, Dr. Carter G. Woodson.

About two miles east, along the Richmond-Lynchburg stage road, is the site of the Female Collegiate Institute, the first college for women chartered in Virginia.

This was the most notable gold-mining region in the country before the California gold rush in 1849.

The original portion of this church, now the south wing, was erected in the mid-18th century for the Church of England’s Tillotson Parish, formed in 1757.

Carter Godwin Woodson was born about three miles east on 19 December 1875.

Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee's surplus artillery and wagon trains, under Brig. Gen. Reuben Lindsay Walker, passed here on the night of 7 April 1865, retreating westward along the Buckingham Plank Road.

Part of Lee's army passed here, April 8, 1865, retreating westward.

Four miles west is the site of New Store Village, in early times an important stop on the Stage Coach Road between Richmond and Lynchburg.

One mile southeast stood Buckingham Training School, the first high school in the county for African American students.

On this site in July 1933, CCC Camp P-56, Company 1367, opened with an enrollment of 192 Virginia men.

The name Arvonia was derived from Caernarvon, Wales, home to the Welsh quarrymen who settled the area in the mid-19th century.

African Americans had established Chief Cornerstone Baptist Church by 1876, during a period when many Black southerners worked to build independent community institutions in the wake of Emancipation.

Beulah M. Wiley, a 1941 Cumberland Training School graduate, was a Black healthcare pioneer.

Approximately 2 miles east stood Millbrook (1811-1866), home of U.S. Senator John Wayles Eppes (1772-1823).

About two miles south and one-half mile west is the geographical center of the state.

Just to the south a monument marks the spot where the tent of Robert E. Lee stood the night of April 12-13, 1865.

Robert Bolling, member of the House of Burgesses, lived near here at his home Chellowe.

Buckingham County Located in the geographical center of Virginia, Buckingham County, the only county in the United States to bear that name, was formed in 1761 from Albemarle County.

Buckingham County Formed in 1761 from Albemarle, and named for Buckinghamshire, England.

Here was Moomaw's Landing on the North River Canal.

Four and a half miles north stands Hat Creek Presbyterian Church, founded by John Irvin and associates (first settlers) about 1742.

Five miles southeast is Red Hill, the last home and burial place of Patrick Henry, governor of Virginia and the great orator of the American Revolution.

Lt. Gen. Lewis Andrew Pick was born here on November 18, 1890.

About two miles southwest is Mount Airy, a plantation house built ca. 1800 for Col. Thomas Leftwich (1740-1816).

(Obverse) At New London, Patrick Henry made one of his most famous speeches.

Two miles north stand massive sandstone walls and four chimneys, the ruins of Mount Athos, overlooking a bend of the James River.

Just south across Little Beaver Creek stand the ruins of the last of three Oxford Iron Works furnaces built in the vicinity.

Born in Lynchburg in 1913, Col. Vincent W. "Squeek" Burnett learned to fly at age 16.

Campbell County Training School (CCTS) opened here ca. 1923 after African American citizens campaigned for better schools.

During the Revolutionary War, loyalists in the Virginia backcountry periodically conspired against the Revolutionary authorities.

Five miles east is Red Hill, the last home and gravesite of Patrick Henry, the great orator of the Revolution.

Rustburg was named after Jeremiah Rust, who patented land here in 1780.

Campbell County Campbell County was created from Bedford County by the Virginia General Assembly in 1781 and named for Gen. William Campbell, one of the heroes of the Battle of King's Mountain in 1780.

Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia faced Union Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant’s Army of the Potomac across the North Anna River, 23-26 May 1864.

The earthworks in the angle between this stream and the North Anna River, held by a small Confederate force, were taken by Grant's troops moving southward on May 23, 1864.

Here, at Mount Carmel Church, on May 23, 1864, Hancock's (Second) Corps turned south to the North Anna River; Warren's (Fifth) Corps and Wright's (Sixth) Corps here turned west to Jericho Mills on the river.

Lee camped here, on May 21, 1864, on his way to the North Anna to oppose Grant moving southward.

Unable to defeat Gen. Robert E. Lee's Confederates during the Spotsylvania Courthouse battles 8-19 May 1864, Union commander Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant's forces maneuvered east and south, forcing Lee to abandon his entrenched position.

A little to the east, at Nancy Wright's, Warren's (Fifth) and Wright's (Sixth) Corps, coming from the east, on May 22, 1864, turned south.

In 1754, John and Ann Rogers Clark, with their sons Jonathan and George Rogers, moved from Albemarle County to a farm four miles west.

York was the only African American on the Lewis and Clark Expedition to the Pacific Ocean (1803-1806).

William Clark was born to John and Ann Rogers Clark on 1 Aug. 1770 on the family farm about one mile north.

Pioneers in asserting the right to religious freedom, the Caroline Friends (Quakers) held their first meeting nearby on 12 March 1739 together with their partner, Cedar Creek Friends Meeting of Hanover County.

On 24 Aug. 1800, slave Ben Woolfolk met with other slaves at nearby Littlepage's Bridge to recruit individuals for an insurrection planned for 30 Aug. The insurgents led by Gabriel, a slave owned by Thomas Henry Prosser of Henrico County, intended to march into Richmond, capture Governor James Monroe, and force him and other leaders to support political, social, and economic equality.

Born in Washington D.C., John Cephas grew up there and in Caroline County.

This is the site of Locust Hill, Richard Henry Garrett's farm.

In 1669 and 1670, German-born John Lederer led three expeditions to explore Virginia's Piedmont and the Carolinas that encouraged further European exploration.

Moss Neck Manor, just south of here, was the headquarters of Confederate Maj. Gen. Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson during the winter of 1862-1863.

This is the ancient Woodford estate.

Two miles north on the Rappahannock River.

Hazelwood was the home plantation of John Taylor of Caroline (1753-1824), agricultural reformer and political theorist.

On this site stood colonial Mount Church, built about 1750.

On this road two miles south is the Garrett place.

The town was established in 1744 and was one of the principal shipping points on the Rappahannock River in colonial times.

On this site overlooking the North Anna River, archaeological investigations conducted in 2006 in cooperation with Virginia tribes identified toolmaking camps dating to 8000 B.C. Indians used these camps repeatedly, especially from about 1000 B.C. to 1 A.D. Using hammerstones and deer antlers, they fashioned quartzite cobbles from the riverbank into tools for hunting, butchering, fishing, and other subsistence activities.

Six miles southeast is the site of Edmundsbury, home of Edmund Pendleton.

Lafayette, marching from Head of Elk, Maryland, to Richmond, camped here the night of April 27, 1781.

This famous horsebreeding farm was established in 1936 by Christopher T. Chenery and continued under the management of his daughter, Helen "Penny" Chenery until 1979.

Known for his service in the War of 1812, George Armistead was born here at Newmarket plantation.

Richard Loving and Mildred Jeter, of different racial backgrounds, grew up near Central Point, 11 miles east of here.

Caroline County Formed in 1727 from Essex, King and Queen, and King William.

Caroline County Formed in 1727 from Essex, King and Queen, and King William.

Caroline County Formed in 1727 from Essex, King and Queen, and King William.

Caroline County Formed in 1727 from Essex, King and Queen, and King William.

This place became the county seat when Carroll County was formed.

During the 1842 session of the Virginia General Assembly, despite opposition, John Carroll successfully sponsored a bill partitioning Grayson County and forming a new county, thus fulfilling his campaign pledge.

Woodlawn Male and Female Academy, a private school, was founded in 1878 and became the Woodlawn Normal Institute in 1898, a preparatory school for teachers.

Carroll County Formed in 1842 from Grayson, and named for Charles Carroll of Carrollton, signer of the Declaration of Independence.

Carroll County Formed in 1842 from Grayson, and named for Charles Carroll of Carrollton, signer of the Declaration of Independence.

Carroll County Formed in 1842 from Grayson, and named for Charles Carroll of Carrollton, signer of the Declaration of Independence.

Wythe County Formed in 1789 from Montgomery, and named for George Wythe, signer of the Declaration of Independence.

Benjamin Harrison (1726-1791)--Virginia planter, politician, and signer of the Declaration of Independence--was born at nearby Berkeley plantation.

In this vicinity the Union cavalryman, Gregg, guarding army trains moving to Petersburg, was attacked by Wade Hampton, June 24, 1864.

West and Shirley Hundred, one of Virginia's earliest English settlements, was established along the James River just to the south ca. 1613.

English settlers established Berkeley Hundred just south of here in 1619.

In 1619 the first settlement was made at Westover, about two miles southeast.

In mid-June 1864, Grant abandoned his works at Cold Harbor and marched to Petersburg, a vital rail center.

John Tyler, tenth president of the United States, was born just north of here at Greenway on 29 March 1790.

Charles City County, named for King Charles I, was one of Virginia's eight original shires formed by 1634.

In 1617, Opechancanough, Chief Powhatan's younger brother, gave land to the south to future governor Capt. George Yeardley.

This church, four miles north, was used as a field hospital, June, 1864, following the action at Nance's Shop, where the Union cavalryman Gregg, guarding a wagon train, was attacked by Wade Hampton.

A short distance south is Westover Church.

Just to the south is Sherwood Forest, where John Tyler lived after his retirement from the presidency until his death in 1862.

Originally part of William Byrd's Westover, Evelynton was occupied by the Ruffin family from 1847, when it was purchased by Edmund Ruffin, Jr, through 2008.

Eight miles west on "The Old Main Road" is Piney Grove.

Three miles south is North Bend, a Greek Revival residence built in 1819.

A mile and a half northwest, Lott Cary was born in slavery about 1780.

South of here, on a bluff overlooking the James River, stands the half-mile-long Fort Pocahontas, built in the spring of 1864 by Union soldiers during the Civil War.

Located 1½ miles south on the James River is Kennon's Landing.

John Tyler purchased this plantation one mile west in his native Charles City in 1842 while serving as tenth president of the United States, and made it his home from 1845 until his death in 1862.

During the 18th century this property was established as a Southall family seat.

Located nearby was the main town of the Paspahegh Indians, tributaries to paramount chief Powhatan.

A mob of about 75 masked men dragged Isaac Brandon from a cell in the old Charles City County jail and hanged him from a tree on this hillside on the night of 6 April 1892.

Emanuel Quivers was born into slavery on Berkeley Plantation to Jonathan and Sarah Quivers.

In 1959, Ebony magazine identified Charles City as “Virginia’s Model County,” recognizing years of political activism by its majority-Black population.

Stephen Bates, the earliest-known Black sheriff in the North, began life at Shirley enslaved as a domestic worker.

On 4 Dec. 1619, Capt. John Woodlief, a member of the Virginia Company, arrived aboard the ship Margaret with 35 men to take charge of Berkeley Hundred.

Just to the north stands Briery Church, organized in 1755 following the missionary work of Presbyterian Minister Samuel Davies.

Abraham Wood, a trader and militia commander, commissioned Thomas Batte and Robert Hallom to explore the Appalachian Mountains in 1671.

Tarleton, British cavalryman, returning from his raid to Bedford, passed near here, July, 1781.

Roanoke, about eight miles west of here, was the home of John Randolph (1773-1833), member of the U.S. House of Representatives and Senate, delegate to Virginia’s Constitutional Convention of 1829-1830, and minister to Russia.

On 22 June 1864, more than 5,000 Union cavalrymen under Brig. Gens.

Martin Hancock, who owned thousands of acres in this area, built a tavern known as “The Red House” here ca. 1813.

Three miles north is Edgehill, home of Clement Carrington.

Half a mile north is Greenfield, built in 1771 by Isaac Read.

Seven miles west stood Roanoke Bridge, the colonial homestead of Joseph Morton, who patented land nearby in the 1740s.

The historic district, a rare example of a 19th-century rural courthouse town, is concentrated on two main streets.

Early in 1799, at the urging of George Washington, Patrick Henry emerged from retirement to run for Charlotte County's seat in the Virginia House of Delegates.

At Cole's Ferry on Staunton River, twelve miles southwest, Steuben halted his southward march, June 10, 1781.

Cub Creek Presbyterian Church, the oldest church in this area, stood four miles southwest of here.

A chapel was built here in 1765-1769 by order of the vestry of Cornwall Parrish.

The War of 1812 sparked intense opposition.

Joseph R. Holmes, formerly enslaved in Charlotte County, campaigned for civil rights and education after emancipation.

Member of House of Burgesses, 1765-1775, of Virginia conventions, 1774-1788, including Constitutional Conventions, of first Supreme Court of Appeals of Virginia.

Charlotte County Formed in 1764 from Lunenburg, and named for Queen Charlotte, wife of King George III.

Lunenburg County Lunenburg County, organized in 1746, was named for King George II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg.

Prince Edward County Formed in 1753 from Amelia, and named for Prince Edward, son of Frederick, Prince of Wales, and younger brother of King George III.

Charlotte County Formed in 1764 from Lunenburg, and named for Queen Charlotte, wife of King George III.

In 1788 James Monroe purchased an 800-acre farm here to be close to his friend Thomas Jefferson and to establish a law office.

Born at Esmont on 10 April 1915, Frank D. Peregory enlisted in May 1931 in Charlottesville's Co. K (Monticello Guard), 116th Inf.

Thomas Jefferson founded the University of Virginia.

The site was patented by William Taylor in 1737.

The site was patented by William Taylor in 1737.

The site was patented by William Taylor in 1737.

The Charlottesville African Church congregation was organized in 1864.

On 4 June 1781, John "Jack" Jouett Jr. arrived at the Albemarle County Courthouse to warn the Virginia legislature of approaching British troops.

George Nicholas, Albemarle County's Virginia General Assembly delegate in 1783, built a stone house here in 1784.

Also called Three Chopt Road, this colonial route ran from Richmond to the Shenandoah Valley.

During the Civil War, the Rotunda at the University of Virginia, the Charlottesville town hall and the courthouse, as well as nearby homes and hotels were converted into a makeshift hospital complex called the Charlottesville General Hospital.

As early as 1795, several types of mills operated here.

Gen. Alexander Archer Vandegrift was born in Charlottesville on 13 Mar. 1887.

Georgia O'Keeffe was born in Wisconsin in 1887.

The Farm stands on a 1020-acre tract acquired by Nicholas Meriwether in 1735 and later owned by Col. Nicholas Lewis, uncle of Meriwether Lewis.

In 1924, Virginia, like a majority of states then, enacted eugenic sterilization laws.

African American Charles B. Holt owned a carpentry business in Charlottesville's Vinegar Hill neighborhood.

Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849)--writer, poet, and critic--was born in Boston, Mass.

The name Jefferson School has a long association with African American education in Charlottesville.

The Monticello Wine Company's four-story brick building was located on the middle of Perry Drive on the north side.

The Dogwood Vietnam Memorial, a project of the Charlottesville Dogwood Festival, Inc., was conceived late in 1965 after news arrived of the first casualty of the Vietnam War from this area.

The University of Virginia, established in 1819 for white men only, rejected the application of Gregory Swanson (1924-1992) to its graduate school of law in 1950 because he was black.

Built ca. 1859 in the Greek Revival style, Enderly was the home of William F. Gordon Jr. during the 1860s.

Between 1762 and 1865, auctioneers sold enslaved men, women, and children at various locations in Court Square: outside taverns, at the Jefferson Hotel, at the "Number Nothing" building, in front of the Albemarle Co. Courthouse (where sales were then recorded), and, according to tradition, from a tree stump.

The City of Charlottesville and Albemarle County opened Jackson P. Burley High School in Sept. 1951 to serve nearly 550 African American students.

W.W. Yen (also known as Yan Huiqing), Chinese diplomat and political leader, was born in Shanghai.

The Carver Inn (ca. 1947) on this site was among the few lodging places in Charlottesville where African Americans could stay during segregation.

James T. S. Taylor (1840-1918), a free Black shoemaker, grew up in Charlottesville and served as a commissary sergeant in the 2nd U. S. Colored Infantry during the Civil War.

Three miles to the southeast.

Just north is the birthplace of Commodore Richard Dale (6 Nov 1756-26 Feb 1826).

In 1908, the first long-term Polish settlement in Virginia was established in Norfolk County, now Chesapeake.

Early in Dec. 1775, colonial troops under Col. William Woodford, including the 2d VA Regiment and Culpeper Minutemen, erected breastworks near here to guard the southern end of a narrow causeway between Norfolk and North Carolina.

During the colonial period, the established church cared for the poor as in Great Britain.

At this point stood St. Bride's Church, the Parish Church of St. Bride's Parish which was established in 1761.

Herring Ditch was one of many ditches that connected with the Dismal Swamp Canal.

Approved by the Virginia General Assembly in 1818, the North West Canal was constructed by the Dismal Swamp Canal Company between 1828 and 1830.

Justin Holland was a 19th-century pioneer African American of the classical guitar, community leader, and abolitionist.

James Edward Owens and Grace Catherine Melvin Owens, the college-educated children of formerly enslaved people, built this Queen Anne-style house ca. 1915.

In 1611, Farrar's Island was the site of the "Citie of Henrico," one of Virginia's first four primary settlement areas under the Virginia Company of London.

Enon Baptist Church was organized on 8 October 1849.

A half-mile northeast stands Battery Dantzler, named for Col. Olin Miller Dantzler, 22d South Carolina Infantry (killed in action nearby on 2 June 1864), and constructed in May-June 1864 to block the Union navy's approach to Richmond.

In 1607, Opposunoquonuske, sister of the Appamattuck Indian chief Coquonasum, headed an Appamattuck town on the James River at the mouth of the Appomattox.

Colonel Thomas Lygon, who came to the Virginia colony in the early 1640s from Worcestershire, England, patented several large parcels of land on the north bank of the Appomattox River in an area known as The Cowpens, near Mount My Lady, which was then part of Henrico County.

Mary Randolph, a native of Chesterfield County and author of the first American regional cookbook, lived nearby at Presquile Plantation during the last two decades of the 18th century after her marriage to David Meade Randolph in 1782.

The Virginia Normal and Collegiate Institute was chartered on 6 Mar. 1882.

Originally named the Providence Manufacturing Company, Matoaca Manufacturing (Mill) had its beginning here late in the 1700s on land then known as Olive Hill Plantation.

Lynchburg native Amaza Lee Meredith was one of the nation's few African American female architects during the mid-20th century.

Late in the 18th century, the Methodist Episcopal Church confronted the possibility of schism.

Coal mines, including Brighthope, Raccoon, Cox, Hill, Vaden, and others, were located a mile west of here.

This was the home of Lt. John Trabue, Revolutionary War soldier and patriot, and of his descendants well into the 20th century.

Eppington, about two miles south of here, was built ca. 1770 for Francis Eppes and his wife, Elizabeth Wayles, half-sister of Martha Wayles Jefferson.

Here Anthony Wayne took station in July, 1781, to prevent the British from moving southward.

Slave sales, a foundation of Virginia's antebellum economy and a commonplace occurrence in a society that regarded human beings as property, brought terror to the enslaved.

William R. Johnson lived near here at Oakland.

Mattoax was located to the south on the Appomattox River.

Bethlehem Baptist Church, first known as Cox's Meeting House and then as Spring Creek Church, was formally organized several miles northwest of here in 1790.

In 1700-1701, Huguenots (French Protestant refugees) settled in this region on land provided to them by the Virginia colony.

Nearby stood Salisbury, built during the middle portion of the 18th century.

Half a mile north stood Black Heath, later owned by Captain John Heth, officer in Continental Army, whose son, Henry Heth, Major-General C.S.A., was born here in 1825.

South of here are the Midlothian Coal Mines, probably the oldest coal mines in America.

Established by 1807, the Providence Church congregation of the Methodist Episcopal Church became one of the first Methodist congregations in Chesterfield County to build a permanent house of worship when it constructed a meetinghouse here before 1813.

On the first day of Union Brig. Gen. August V. Kautz's second raid (12-17 May 1864) on Confederate railroads around Richmond, 3,000 cavalrymen rode northwest from Bermuda Hundred and passed Chesterfield Court House at 1:00 P.M. Arriving about midnight at Midlothian's Coalfield Station on the Richmond and Danville Railroad, a quarter-mile north, they cut telegraph lines and burned the depot, woodsheds, and railroad cars.

In 1799 the local Baptist Society acquired this land and soon built a meetinghouse.

Winfree Memorial Baptist Church, constituted in 1852 as Jerusalem Baptist Church, originally stood to the west on Buckingham Pike.

Pastor William Hickman and about 30 people founded Skinquarter Baptist Church in 1778.

First African Baptist Church of Coalfield, which stood about a mile southeast of here, opened a school for African Americans in 1866.

The First African Baptist Church of Coalfield was constituted on 8 Feb. 1846 with six white and 54 enslaved and free black members from Spring Creek Baptist Church, formerly Cox’s Meeting House.

Group Camp 7, built for the use of African Americans, opened 1.25 miles south of here in 1939.

Located eight miles downstream from Richmond, Warwick was an important 18th-century James River port and manufacturing center.

Built before 1732 by Henry Cary, this was the home of Colonel Archibald Cary, a Revolutionary leader of Virginia.

Nearby on Falling Creek is the first ironworks in English North America.

Just east of this point running from the James River to the Appomattox River, was the Confederate defense line known as the Howlett line, named for the Howlett House that stood at the north end of the line.

This area, known originally as "Cold Water Run," is the site of the first Chesterfield County courthouse, erected in 1750.

On 16 May 1864, Confederate forces under Gen. P.G. T. Beauregard attacked southward across a three mile front.

This old inn was the headquarters of Major-General B. F. Butler's Union Army of the James during the Battle of Drewery's Bluff, May 16, 1864.

To the west of the road here at Proctor's Creek Maj. Gen. Benjamin F. Butler's Union Army of the James attacked the outer line of the Confederates' Drewry Bluff defenses on 13-14 May 1864.

The Union Army of the James, retiring across Proctor's Creek in this vicinity after the battle of Drewry's Bluff, May 16, 1864, turned east into the Peninsula between the James and Appomattox Rivers, where it was "Bottled" by Confederate forces.

The town of Osbornes was named for Captain Thomas Osborne who settled nearby at Coxendale in 1616.

This park of 7604 acres was originally known as the Swift Creek Recreational Area.

At this station, two miles west, the Union army of the James, turning toward Richmond, fought an action on May 10, 1864 and tore up the railroad.

Here in 1864 on the Bermuda Hundred peninsula between the James and Appomattox Rivers, the Union Army of the James, commanded by Maj. Gen. Benjamin F. Butler, was "bottled up" by Confederate Gen. P. G. T. Beauregard, defender of Petersburg.

On 2 June 1864, Confederate Gen. P. G. T. Beauregard sent Maj. Gen. Bushrod Johnson's troops toward nearby Federal pickets to reconnoiter their strength.

On 5 May 1864, leading elements of Union Maj. Gen. Benjamin F. Butler's Army of the James disembarked off transports at Bermuda Hundred, located to the north of here.

Port Walthall, which stood on the banks of the Appomattox River several miles to the south, was a major shipping and passenger embarkation point prior to the Civil War.

Point of Rocks is located two miles south on the Appomattox River.

Elements of the Union Army of the James, led by Maj. Gen. Benjamin F. Butler, landed at Bermuda Hundred on 5 May 1864 to cut the Confederate rail and supply lines between Richmond and Petersburg.

Located north of this marker is the site of the camp of CCC Company 2386, Beach, Virginia.

Built in 1822 by William Winfree, this Federal-style house was named for the large stand of magnolia trees in the front yard.

Just south of here are the earthen remains and stone culvert of the Chesterfield Railroad.

While Union Maj. Gen. Benjamin F. Butler's Army of the James entrenched at Bermuda Hundred on 11 May 1864, Confederate Maj. Gen. Robert F. Hoke led parts of two divisions north from Petersburg to unite with Maj. Gen. Robert Ransom's division near Drewry's Bluff and Proctor's Creek.

Eleazar Clay (1744-1836) led the establishment of the first Baptist church in Chesterfield County, known as Chesterfield (Baptist) Church, Rehoboth Meeting House, or Clay's Church, in 1773.

To the east, Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee briefly made his headquarters at Clay's house on 17 June 1864.

On 26 Feb. 1921, Delta Omega became the first graduate chapter of Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority Inc.® chartered on the East Coast, the fourth graduate chapter in the U.S., and the first Greek- letter organization at Virginia Normal and Industrial Institute (later Virginia State University).

Beulah Baptist Church, just across the road, housed a school for African American children in the Skinquarter community until about 1920, when the school moved into a new building on this site.

In 1867, the African American members of nearby Salem Baptist Church separated and founded Salem African Baptist Church.

After African American patrons campaigned for a new high school, the Chesterfield County School Board opened the consolidated George Washington Carver High School here in 1948.

First Baptist Church Bermuda Hundred traces its origins to 1850 and was formally organized ca. 1866.

Chesterfield County opened a school here for African American students in Jan. 1962, more than seven years after the U.S. Supreme Court’s Brown v.

Two and a half miles to the northwest stands The Briars, a stuccoed stone, two-story, five-bay dwelling that was constructed around 1819 as the home of Dr. Robert Powell Page.

A half-mile east, Revolutionary War hero Daniel Morgan began this limestone Georgian mansion in 1779 while on furlough.

Ashby's Gap was named in honor of John Ashby, a leader among local pioneers and reputedly the first person to haul a hogshead of tobacco through this gap.

In 1926, Graham F. Blandy bequeathed a 712-acre portion of his estate, The Tuleyries, to the University of Virginia to educate "boys farming in the various branches."

This 30-square-mile scenic landscape illustrates the evolution of a unique rural community.

Just after dawn on 13 Aug. 1864, Col. John Singleton Mosby and 300 of his 43d Battalion Partisan Rangers attacked the rear section of Maj. Gen. Philip H. Sheridan's 600-vehicle wagon train here.

Organized near this spot by Wm. and Daniel Fristoe in 1772.

Gen. Robert E. Lee bivouacked near here on 18-19 June 1863, as he began his invasion of Maryland and Pennsylvania.

Early in the 19th century, three important roads crossed here: Nineveh Turnpike leading to Front Royal, Winchester Turnpike leading to the north, and Newtown Turnpike connecting Stephens City and the Shenandoah River via the Winchester and Berrys Ferry Turnpike.

Early in the 1870s African Americans established Josephine City, a community originally composed of 31 one-acre lots lining a 16-foot wide street.

This 16-square-mile scenic landscape illustrates the changing patterns of rural life since the 1730s as shown in its plantations, farms, mills, churches, and African American communities.

Boyce was established in 1880 at the intersection of the newly constructed Shenandoah Valley Railroad (now Norfolk Southern) and the road between the Shenandoah River and Winchester (formerly the Winchester and Berry's Ferry Turnpike).

As it maneuvered against Lt. Gen. Jubal A. Early's Army of the Valley, Maj. Gen. Philip H. Sheridan's U.S. Army of the Shenandoah marched south from Halltown, reaching Berryville on 3 Sept. 1864.

Lucy Slowe, educator, was born in Berryville.

John C. Underwood, an attorney from New York, settled near here early in the 1850s.

Before 1798 Berryville was known as Battletown, a name that perhaps originated from a local tavern famous for its fistfights.

The town was laid out in 1798 on land of Benjamin Berry and was first known as Battletown.

Col. Nathaniel Burwell, great-grandson of Robert “King” Carter, constructed Carter Hall in the mid-1790s after moving here from Tidewater Virginia.

The Virginia General Assembly established Frederick Parish in 1738, and a log sanctuary was built here ca. 1747.

Three miles south is Greenway Court, residence of Thomas, sixth Lord Fairfax, proprietor of the vast Northern Neck grant, which he inherited.

The Burwell-Morgan Mill, built between 1782 and 1785, was the product of a business partnership between Col. Nathaniel Burwell and Brig. Gen. Daniel Morgan.

The crossroads village of White Post grew up around the white-painted marker that Lord Fairfax had erected in the 1760s to point the way to Greenway Court (south), the nearby estate from which he managed his vast proprietary holdings including Battletown, now Berryville (north), Berry's Ferry (east), and Stephen's City (west).

This is one of the oldest roads leading from the east to the Shenandoah Valley; it crosses the Blue Ridge at Snicker's Gap.

Three miles north in July 1864, General Jubal Early's Army, returning from his raid on Washington, was attacked by Federal units which forced a passage of the river.

This Classical Revival mansion built for Robert Carter Burwell is one of the few remaining residential works in which B. Henry Latrobe, father of the American architectural profession, played a role in design.

This 2,100-mile-long hiking path passes through 14 states from Mount Katahdin, Me., to Springer Mountain, Ga., along the ridges of the Appalachian Mountains.

Harry Flood Byrd Sr., governor of Virginia (1926-1930) and U.S. senator (1933-1965), was a conservative Democrat who led a political organization that directed state politics for four decades.

The year after Clarke County was formed in 1836, construction began on a brick courthouse based on county justice David Meade's design.

This village developed around two late-18th-century gristmills and Nathaniel Burwell's Carter Hall plantation, one of the preeminent estates in the area.

One and a half miles north is The Retreat, home to three distinguished generations of the Parker family.

The African American community of Bristow originated in 1869 when Brister (or Bristol) Holmes purchased land near here.

Frederick County Formed in 1738 from Orange, and named for Frederick, Prince of Wales, father of King George III.

From this hill Lafayette, on May 10, 1781, shelled the British in Petersburg.

Lee's headquarters from the latter part of June, 1864 to September, 1864 were here.

Nearby on 9 May 1864, Brig. Gen. Johnson Hagood's South Carolina Brigade attacked advancing elements of the Union X and XVIII Corps.

In 1839, David Dunlop and his wife, Anna Mercer Minge, a niece of President William Henry Harrison, acquired the Ellerslie tract.

At the nearby junction of the Richmond and Petersburg Railroad and the Confederate military spur line to Ettrick, stood Dunlop's Station, a Confederate telegraph post and supply depot.

Located here was Stop 54 on the electric interurban railway line between Richmond and Petersburg.

Conjurer's Neck, located on this peninsula formed by Swift Creek and the Appomattox River, was occupied by Native Americans as early as 1000-3000 BC.

Constructed nearby about 1756 as a wooden palisaded fort, Fort Young, originally known as Dickinson's Fort, stood near the Jackson River.

This point marks a spot along the geographical feature known as the Great Eastern Divide.

Three miles north of here stands the childhood home of William Addison "Add" Caldwell.

This place became the county seat when Craig County was formed in 1851.

The community of Captain received its unusual name in 1888, when a post office was established in the home of Guy Dingus Huffman, who had served as the captain of Company K, 46th Virginia Infantry Regiment, C.S.A., during the Civil War.

This Federal-style house, one of Craig County’s few antebellum brick buildings, was constructed for merchant Robert Wiley ca. 1832, when the style was popular in western Virginia.

After the Revolutionary War, care for people facing poverty in Virginia ceased to be the responsibility of Anglican parishes and instead was managed by county-appointed “overseers of the poor.”

Craig County Formed in 1851 from Botetourt, Roanoke, Giles, and Monroe.

The village of Waterloo, with stores, warehouses, and two woolen factories, developed here along both sides of the Rappahannock River in the mid-19th century.

John Preston “Pete” Hill, Negro League baseball player and manager, was born nearby on 12 Oct., probably 1882, and likely to formerly enslaved parents.

Home of Judge John Williams Green.

Four miles southeast, at Kelly's Ford, Major John Pelham, commanding Stuart's horse artillery, was mortally wounded, March 17, 1863.

Here on 9 June 1863, the largest cavalry battle in North America occurred when 9,500 of Confederate Maj. Gen. J. E. B. Stuart's troopers fought 8,000 cavalrymen under Union Brig. Gen. Alfred Pleasonton.

Two miles south is the grave of Betty Washington Lewis, the younger sister of George Washington.

Confederate Maj. Gen. J.E.B. Stuart and most of his cavalry division arrived in Culpeper two weeks after the Chancellorsville Campaign ended in May 1863.

To the south is Clark's Mountain, behind which Lee's army was gathered, August 17, 1862.

During the afternoon of 9 Aug. 1862, Confederate Maj. Gen. Thomas "Stonewall" Jackson's division led by Maj. Gen. Richard S. Ewell and Brig. Gen. Charles S. Winder fought Union troops led by Maj. Gen. Nathaniel P. Banks about three miles south.

Near here Jackson formed line of battle and received the attack of Banks' Corps of Pope's army.

Crooked Run Baptist Church was organized in 1772 and is named for the stream that flows nearby.

This Gothic Revival church, built in 1879, contains an elaborate example of trompe-l'oeil fresco painting done in 1888.

Built in 1879, this Gothic Revival church stands two miles south of this location.

In Aug. 1862, during the Civil War, Union Maj. Gen. John Pope established a signal station on Mount Pony, just northeast of here.

On 5 May 1864, thousands of United States Colored Troops entered Culpeper County at Kelly's Ford, six miles southeast of here, marking the first time Black troops served alongside the Army of the Potomac.

Brothers Joseph Field (d. 1807) and Reubin Field (d. ca. 1822) were highly valued members of the Lewis and Clark Expedition to the Pacific Ocean (1803-1806).

Col. John Jameson (1751-1810) owned land nearby.

Here Lee and Jackson had their headquarters.

One-half mile east stands Little Fork Episcopal Church, begun 1753, destroyed by fire in 1773.

Here is buried Edward Stevens, an officer in the Revolutionary War and a longtime resident of Culpeper.

Dangerfield Newby (ca. 1820-1859), born enslaved, grew up about nine miles southwest of here.

George Washington Carver Regional High School was founded in 1948 to serve the educational needs of black students in Culpeper, Madison, Orange, and Rappahannock counties.

Just to the south stood Catalpa, where John Strode Barbour was born on 29 Dec. 1820.

Virginia’s third Revolutionary Convention, which met in the summer of 1775 as royal authority was collapsing in the colony, passed an ordinance establishing 16 units of minute men for the colony’s defense.

The hilltop northeast of this spot is Cole's Hill.

Just south stands Salubria, built ca. 1757 for the Rev. John Thompson and his wife, Butler Brayne Spotswood, widow of Lt. Gov. Alexander Spotswood.

At dawn on 17 March 1863, Brig. Gen. William W. Averell led 2,100 Union cavalrymen across the Rappahannock River at Kelly's Ford.

The Eckington School was built in 1895 as a frame, one-room school for African American students from the nearby communities of Eckington and Poplar Ridge.

Rappahannock County Formed in 1833 from Culpeper, and named for the Rappahannock River, headwaters of which are in this county.

Culpeper County Formed from Orange County in 1749, Culpeper County originally included present-day Culpeper, Madison, and Rappahannock Counties.

Fauquier County Formed in 1759 from Prince William, and named for Frances Fauquier, Governor of Virginia, 1758-1768.

Culpeper County Formed in 1748 from Orange, and named for Lord Culpeper, Governor of Virginia 1680-83.

The cemetery just east of here was established in 1862 to inter Confederate soldiers who died at the Farmville General Hospital.

Here at Flannagan's (Trice's) Mill, Robert E. Lee spent the night of April 13-14, 1865, on his journey from Appomattox to Richmond.

Clifton, one mile northeast of here, was the home of Carter Henry Harrison (ca. 1736-1793).

Near here is the site of Bizarre, owned in 1742 by Richard Randolph of Curles.

Just east of here is Needham, location of Virginia's first proprietary law school and home of founder Judge Creed Taylor (1766-1836), politician, jurist, and legal educator.

Samuel P. Bolling was born enslaved in Cumberland County and became a skilled mechanic.

Pine Grove School opened here in 1917 to serve African American students through grade 7.

The Rev. Reuben T. Coleman, enslaved at birth, became an entrepreneur after the Civil War.

John Robinson (born John Lipscomb), a free person of color from Cumberland Co., was a wagoner and landowner before the Civil War.

Steuben, both on his retreat from Simcoe and on his return north to join Lafayette, passed near here, June, 1781.

In 1749 the Virginia House of Burgesses divided Goochland County to establish Cumberland County.

After successfully crossing the Appomattox River at nearby High Bridge, Maj. Gen. Andrew A. Humphreys' II Corps attacked Confederate forces under Maj. Gen. William Mahone that were entrenched on the high ground around Cumberland Presbyterian Church.

James F. Lipscomb was born a free black on 4 December 1830 in Cumberland County.

Early in June 1781, Maj. Gen. Friedrich Wilhelm von Steuben saved some military stores at Point of Fork from British troops and then retreated south to Staunton River before being called to join Lafayette's forces.

Two miles north, near the mouth of Willis River, Steuben camped, June 5-6, 1781, when driven from Point of Fork by Simcoe.

Cumberland County Formed in 1748 from Goochland, and named for the Duke of Cumberland, second son of King George II.

This, the former home of Major W. T. Sutherlin, is regarded as the last capitol of the Confederacy, April 3-10, 1865.

Here, on September 27, 1903, occurred the railroad wreck that inspired the popular ballad, "The Wreck of the Old 97."

The Loyal Street Baptist Church congregation, which was organized between 1865 and 1866 on Old Hospital-Dance Hill by former slaves, built its church here in 1870.

On this site stood Neal's Warehouse where the "Danville System" of selling tobacco began in 1858.

Stratford College (1930-1974) and its constituent preparatory school, Stratford Hall (1930-1964), maintained the tradition of liberal arts education for women begun in 1854 at the Danville Female College.

One block west on Church Street is the site of the Henry P. Richardson house where Frederick Delius lived while teaching music at Roanoke Female College, now Averett.

Constructed in 1855 as a tobacco factory by Major William T. Sutherlin, this renovated structure housed Union prisoners during the Civil War, 1861-1865.

James Peters Sr. (ca. 1883-1970) opened Peters Park, also called the Almagro Baseball Stadium, at this site in 1948.

On 1 Dec. 1963 in Jacksonville, Florida, Wendell O. Scott Sr. became the first African American to win a NASCAR Grand National race.

Schoolfield, established in 1903 as a textile mill village, was named for three brothers who founded Riverside Cotton Mills, later Dan River Mills.

In the spring of 1963 local African American ministers and other leaders organized the Danville Movement to combat widespread racial segregation and discrimination.

This area formed the economic core of 19th-century Danville.

The Holbrook-Ross Historic District, named for two major streets, is significant as the first neighborhood in Danville for African American professionals.

On this site stood the residence of James E. Schoolfield.

(Obverse) Lady Astor Here stood the home in which Nancy Langhorne, Viscountess Astor, 1879-1964, was born.

The Virginia General Assembly chartered Union Female College, forerunner of Averett University, in 1859.

First State Bank, one of the few banks in Virginia owned by African Americans, opened on 8 Sept. 1919 as the Savings Bank of Danville.

The Yancey House (320 Holbrook St.) was a lodging place for African Americans during the segregation era.

The biracial Readjuster Party gained control of the VA General Assembly in 1879 and of Danville’s city council in 1882.

John Barnett built a canal here in 1794 that evolved from a millrace into a linchpin of the region’s transportation network.

The Hippodrome, Danville’s first purpose-built theatre for Black audiences, opened here in 1917.

Camilla Williams, operatic soprano, grew up in Danville.

In 1865 emancipated African Americans withdrew from First Baptist Church, where they had worshiped from the balcony, and founded a congregation later known as High Street Baptist Church.

In 1766 John Dix established his ferry approximately three miles south of here on the Dan River.

Born in Sutherlin, Rockabilly pioneer Janis Martin combined country influences with rhythm-and-blues singing, crossing musical boundaries and helping launch Rock and Roll.

Established in 1875 on land given by Simpson Dyer, the Old Buffalo School became the first free school of Dickenson County in 1880.

The name originally was Holly Creek.

John and Ollie (Cox) Mullins and their children, the first permanent settlers of European descent in this area, came here from North Carolina about 1829.

In August 1792, during a period of frontier unrest, Indians attacked the home of David Musick and his wife, Annie, near Honaker in Russell County.

Near here stood the cabin of Richard "Fighting Dick" Colley who was one of the earliest settlers in what is now Dickenson County.

Dickenson County Formed in 1880 from Russell, Wise, and Buchanan, and named for W. J. Dickenson, prominent public man.

Wise County Wise County was formed in 1856 from Lee, Scott, and Russell Counties.

Dickenson County Formed in 1880 from Russell, Wise, and Buchanan, and named for W. J. Dickenson, prominent public man.

Central State Hospital traces its origins to a mental health hospital for African Americans established ca. 1866 by the Freedmen's Bureau at Howard’s Grove, near Richmond.

Butterwood Chapel, one of three Anglican chapels constructed in Dinwiddie County in the 18th century, was built by 1763 on or near this site.

On the morning of 2 Apr. 1865, Union forces arrived here by way of Claiborne Road and found Maj. Gen. Henry Heth's Confederate division entrenched on Cox Road.

Four miles south is the battlefield of Five Forks.

John Banister, Revolutionary leader, is buried one mile to the south.

At Sutherland Station, on 2 Apr. 1865, the Confederates made a last attempt to maintain control of the South Side Railroad.

Nearby is Montrose, the birthplace of Roger Atkinson Pryor, born 19 July 1828.

Winfield Scott, one of America's early military heroes, was born nearby.

Sapony Episcopal Church stands approximately 1.5 miles to the north.

Quakers began settling the region by the end of the 17th century.

Just to the west stands the law office occupied in early life by Lieutenant-General Winfield Scott, commander of the United States Army, 1841-1861.

Nearby stands Raceland, also known as Rice's Tavern, built ca. 1750.

To the north stood William Turnbull's house, Edge Hill, headquarters of Gen. Robert E. Lee from 23 Nov. 1864 to 2 Apr. 1865 during the siege of Petersburg.

Leaving from a point along the Confederate right flank on Boydton Plank Road on 14 Sept. 1864, Maj. Gen. Wade Hampton took about 3,000 Confederate cavalrymen and rode more than 100 miles around the rear of the Union army.

In the field a short distance north of this road, the Confederate General A. P. Hill was killed, April 2, 1865.

Lee's right wing was defended by earthworks on this stream, here and to the east.

An old mill stood here, with earthworks.

The extreme right of Lee's line rested on this road, which was entrenched.

Sheridan advanced to this place on March 29, 1865, while Warren was attacking Anderson about three miles north.

Hancock moved by it to his defeat at Burgess Mill, October 27, 1864, and in 1865, Grant moved his forces on it from the east to attack Lee's right wing.

Bruce Tucker, an African American man and oldest son of Spencer and Emma Tucker, grew up near here and is buried at Little Bethel Church.

British Lt. Gen. Charles Cornwallis ordered cavalry commander Lt. Col. Banastre Tarleton to raid Southside Virginia in the summer of 1781.

Hoping to cut Lee's supply route into Petersburg, in February 1865 Grant ordered two army corps led by Major Generals Gouverneur K. Warren and Andrew A. Humphreys to seize the Boydton Plank Road.

A public school operated here as early as the 1880s.

This was the first in a series of attempts by Grant's army to cut Lee's final supply line--the South Side Railroad--in spring 1865.

Union forces belonging to the V Corps, under Maj. Gen. Gouverneur K. Warren, sought to seize the White Oak Road and sever the Confederate line of communication with Maj. Gen. George E. Pickett's detachment near Five Forks, four miles west.

Named for the Whitworth family of Mayfield, the farm on which it was built, this outpost (a quarter-mile east) and Fort Gregg, 400 yards to the south, were constructed to protect the western approaches to Petersburg during the 1864-1865 siege.

Born near here in Dinwiddie County in 1818, Elizabeth Hobbs Keckley (sometimes Keckly) was a dressmaker and abolitionist.

F. Southall Farrar, farm demonstration agent for Southside Virginia, organized the state's first corn clubs for boys in 1909.

Dinwiddie Normal Industrial School, the first African American high school built in the county during the segregation era, stood three miles southeast.

This cemetery is the final resting place for thousands of patients treated at the nation's first stand-alone psychiatric hospital for African Americans, originally known as the Central Lunatic Asylum and later renamed Central State Hospital.

The Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. spoke at Mount Level Baptist Church on 28 March 1962 during a “People to People” tour of communities in southern Virginia.

Brig. Gen. John Randolph Chambliss, Jr., C.S.A., is buried just west of here.

Benjamin Donaldson Tillar, Jr. (1853-1887), a Greensville County native, president of the Atlantic and Danville Railroad, and member of the House of Delegates, is known as "the man who named Emporia."

Village View, a stately Federal-style mansion, was built about 1795 by James Wall and remodeled in 1823 by Nathaniel Land.

William McKendree was born in King William Co., moved as a youth to present-day Greensville Co., and later served in the Revolutionary War.

The Petersburg Railroad was constructed in the early 1830s between Petersburg, Virginia, and Weldon, North Carolina, through the towns of Belfield and Hicksford (present-day Emporia).

Here lived Gordon L. Vincent, who represented Greensville and Sussex counties in the 1901-1902 Virginia Constitutional Convention.

On 7 Dec. 1864, Union Maj. Gen. Gouverneur K. Warren led 28,000 men south from Petersburg to destroy the Petersburg Railroad between Stony Creek and the Meherrin River railroad bridge at Hicksford, thereby severing the Confederate supply line.

Hicksford Lodge No. 37, the first in Greensville County, was chartered in 1793.

John Day, a free African American cabinetmaker and brother of Thomas Day, cabinetmaker and builder, was born in Hicksford (present-day Emporia) on 18 Feb. 1797.

Robert Hicks was born about 1658.

Thomas McNeill Bulla was born in North Carolina on 4 Jan. 1881.

Edward Everard Goodwyn was born in Greensville Co. on 26 Sept. 1874.

The famous Thoroughbred racehorse Fearnought, a dominating racer in Great Britain and the foremost colonial-era sire in America, was foaled in England in 1755.

Samuel W. Tucker, civil rights attorney, was born in Alexandria, where he organized a sit-in at the Whites-only public library in 1939.

Two miles east near the river, Richard Coleman planted a frontier settlement and trading post in 1652.

Along the Rappahannock River near here lived the Portobacco Indians, who may have been part of the Portobaccos of Maryland.

The town was founded in 1680 under the name of Hobbs His Hole.

Here was born Thomas Ritchie, November 5, 1778.

This was the principal church of St. Anne's Parish, which was formed in 1704 from Sittenburne Parish and encompassed Essex County.

Located two miles N.E. on Rappahannock River at Lowry's Point was a Confederate eight gun "water battery" constructed in 1861.

In this region near the Rappahannock River once stood the Rappahannock Indian village of Toppahanock.

Just to the east stood Mann Meeting House, the first Methodist Episcopal Church in this region.

Just east of here was the seat of the Waring family, members of which served the colony and our fledgling nation in elected and appointed offices and as officers in the county militia and the Continental Line.

West of here, on the ridge between the Mattaponi and Rappahannock Rivers, the Rappahannock Indians built a fort to defend themselves from hostile settlers and other Indians during Bacon's Rebellion in 1676.

Here in 1861 Confederates constructed an eight gun "water battery" principally for the defense of Fredericksburg.

William "Bill" Moore was born in Georgia in 1893.

On 2 Dec. 1814, British naval forces commanded by Capt. Robert Barrie shelled and seized the town of Tappahannock during the War of 1812.

To the north, after the 1644-1646 conflict between colonists and groups still loyal to the Powhatan chiefdom, the Mattaponi Indians found refuge on the headwaters of Piscataway Creek.

At Piscataway, near here, the northern followers of Bacon the Rebel assembled in 1676.

Founded nearby as Piscataway Baptist Church on 13 Mar. 1774, Mt. Zion Baptist Church was the first Baptist church in the region.

Angel Visit Baptist Church, one of the oldest African American churches in Essex County, was formed in 1866 when African American members withdrew from white-led Ephesus Baptist Church after Emancipation.

The Southside Rappahannock Baptist Association opened the Rappahannock Industrial Academy here in 1902 to provide secondary education for African Americans at a time when no public high schools were available to them in the area.

Thomas Washington, an African American man, was lynched on 23 March 1896 for allegedly attempting to assault the young daughter of a prominent white citizen.

Two miles northeast on the Rappahannock River, at Coleman’s Town, George Southern was operating a ferry by 1679.

One mile north, on the Rappahannock River, is Saunders’s Wharf, a center of transportation and commerce from the mid-1800s until 1937.

The Woman’s Baptist District Missionary Convention conceived the Old Folks Home in 1894 and opened it here ca. 1909 to care for aged, destitute Black people, some of whom had been enslaved.

Essex County Formed in 1691 from Old Rappahannock County, and named for Essex County, England.

King and Queen County Formed in 1691 from New Kent, and named for King William III and Queen Mary.

Col. John Singleton Mosby formed the 43d Battalion Virginia Cavalry "to weaken the armies invading Virginia by harassing their rear."

The Battle of Chantilly (Ox Hill) took place here 1 September, 1862.

This road, along which many of his skirmishes took place, is named for Colonel John Singleton Mosby, commander of the 43rd Battalion of Confederate Partisan Rangers.

Maj. Gen. Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson's wing of the Army of Northern Virginia reached here 1 Sept. 1862.

Named for Secretary of War Russell A. Alger, the camp was established in May 1898 on a 1,400-acre farm called Woodburn Manor.

Following the Battle of Ox Hill (Chantilly) on 1 Sept. 1862, Gen. Robert E. Lee pondered his options and strategy.

A 1784 brick house, a spring house, and a designed landscape showcase the unique 1942 collaboration of two American masters of design, Walter Macomber and Beatrix Farrand.

Burke's Station, four miles south, was raided by Stuart's cavalry, December, 1862.

This building is the original Burke’s Station.

Accotink Park Road lies on the right-of-way of the Orange and Alexandria Railroad, which linked the markets of northern and central Virginia.

On 26 Nov. 1861, a 120-man detachment of Col. Robert Ransom Jr.'s 1st North Carolina Cavalry attacked 94 men of the 3rd Pennsylvania Cavalry under Capt. Charles Bell.

Half a mile west is the terminus of the Centreville Military Railroad, the first railroad in the world constructed exclusively for military purposes.

The dwelling house at Sully Plantation was built in 1794 by Richard Bland Lee on land that had been patented in 1725.

Ten miles west were fought the two battles of Manassas or Bull Run.

Union Brig. Gen. Irvin McDowell and his 35,000-man army left Washington, D.C., on 16 July 1861 and moved toward Manassas Junction, a strategically important railroad intersection defended by Confederate Brig. Gen. P.G.T. Beauregard.

Here, while the Confederate army camped at Centreville, Gen. Joseph E. Johnston built strong fortifications in the winter of 1861-1862.

After the Second Battle of Manassas, fought about six miles west of here on 28-30 Aug. 1862, Union Maj. Gen. John Pope and his defeated Army of Virginia withdrew to Centreville.

Originally built of native sandstone in 1825, the turnpike bridge over Bull Run became an important landmark in the Civil War battles at Manassas.

Confederate spy Laura Ratcliffe was born in Fairfax County in 1836.

This large boulder, located just south of here, served as an important landmark during the Civil War, when Col. John S. Mosby's Partisan Rangers (43d Battalion, Virginia Cavalry) assembled there to raid Union outposts, communications, and supply lines.

In 1965, Paul Sullivan rented a house to Theodore R. Freeman Jr. and transferred a Little Hunting Park (LHP) membership as part of the lease.

Seven miles south is Manassas, where Jackson, on his turning movement around Pope, destroyed vast quantities of supplies, August 26-27, 1862.

In the afternoon of 21 July 1861, after Gen. Joseph E. Johnston's and Brig. Gen. P.G.T. Beauregard's Confederates defeated Brig. Gen. Irvin McDowell's Union army, the bridge over Cub Run was jammed with retreating Federal soldiers as well as civilians who had come to watch the battle.

Ona (or Oney) Judge, born into slavery at Mount Vernon, became Martha Washington's personal attendant as a child.

In the nearby Occoquan Workhouse, from June to December, 1917, scores of women suffragists were imprisoned by the District of Columbia for picketing the White House demanding their right to vote.

Telegraph Road took its name from one of the first telegraph lines in the United States, which passed near here.

Fort Belvoir is named for the 18th-century plantation that was owned by William Fairfax.

Gunston Hall, four miles to the east, is one of the most noted colonial places in Virginia.

Originally part of the Mount Vernon estate, Woodlawn was built in 1800-1805.

A group of Virginia Indians referred to as the Doeg (but also Dogue, Taux, and other names) occupied villages and settlements along the Potomac and Occoquan Rivers by 1607.

George Washington acquired Mount Vernon in 1754.

The Washington family land south of here, named Mount Vernon in the 1740s, was part of a grant made in 1677 by the Northern Neck proprietors to Col. Nicholas Spencer and Lt. Col. John Washington, George Washington's great-grandfather.

Nearby at John Mathews's land on Hunting Creek, Governor William Berkeley constructed a fort authorized by the Virginia House of Burgesses on 21 Sept. 1674.

This church is a combination of several structures built on the site of the first Pohick Church (1730-1774), making this one of the earliest sites of a religious institution in Fairfax County.

This building was begun in 1769 and completed by 1774, succeeding an earlier church two miles to the south.

In 1771, George Washington replaced a deteriorated gristmill that his father, Augustine, may have erected as early as the 1730s.

To the east, on Dogue Neck, "Certain Unknown Indians" attacked the house of Thomas Barton about 3:00 P.M. on Sunday, 16 June 1700, killing eight persons with "arrowes & Wooden Tommahawkes."

Gum Springs, an African-American community, originated here on a 214-acre farm bought in 1833 by West Ford (ca. 1785-1863), a freed man, skilled carpenter, and manager of the Mount Vernon estate.

Gum Springs, an African-American community, originated here on a 214-acre farm bought in 1833 by West Ford (ca. 1785-1863), a freed man, skilled carpenter, and manager of the Mount Vernon estate.

Here lived Lt. Col. Silas Burke (b. 1796-d.

On the hill above stands Huntley, a Federal-style villa built about 1825 for Thomson F. Mason, a grandson of George Mason of Gunston Hall.

Located north of here was one of three Nike anti-aircraft missile complexes in Fairfax County operated by the U.S. Army and the Army National Guard between 1954 and 1974.

During the Cold War a ring of Nike anti-aircraft missile sites defended the nation's capital, reminiscent of the perimeter of forts that protected it during the Civil War.

In 1863, during the Civil War, Pennsylvanian Herman Haupt, a noted bridge designer and the superintendent of Union military railroads, commissioned John Devereux, the railroad superintendent in Alexandria, to build a siding on the Orange & Alexandria R.R. on this site, later known as Devereux Station.

In this vicinity stood Fort Lyon, the major fortification on the left flank of the Federal defenses guarding the city of Washington during the Civil War.

Colchester, founded in 1753 at the location of a ferry crossing, was the second town established in Fairfax County.

Colvin Run Road is a remnant of an 18th-century wagon road from the Shenandoah Valley to Alexandria that probably originated as an Indian path.

To the north stood Clermont, the birthplace of Fitzhugh "Fitz" Lee.

Philanthropist Catherine Filene Shouse purchased this land in 1930 and named it Wolf Trap Farm.

Here, at a former Nike missile site, the U.S. Army Map Service established a research station to support geo-location and navigation in 1961.

Dr. William Brown, Revolutionary War physician, was born in Scotland and raised in Maryland.

The Virginia General Assembly incorporated the Alexandria, Mt. Vernon, and Accotink Turnpike Company in March 1856.

African Americans in Woodlawn, four miles southwest of here, established Woodlawn Methodist Episcopal Church ca. 1866.

George Washington, like his father before him, served on the vestry of Truro Parish, which the Virginia General Assembly established in 1732.

This 152-acre historic district was part of George Washington's Mount Vernon estate.

George Mason (1725-1792), principal author of the Virginia Declaration of Rights and Virginia’s first state constitution, lived nearby at Gunston Hall.

African Americans Annie E. Harper and Gladys Berry, who lived on Fordson Road in Gum Springs, and Curtis and Myrtle Burr, who had previously lived on Fordson Road, filed a federal lawsuit in March 1964 challenging Virginia’s poll tax, which residents had to pay before registering to vote in state elections.

West Ford, born enslaved in the household of George Washington’s brother John Augustine, was brought to live at Mount Vernon ca. 1802.

Two 18th-century roads intersect just west of here: Sugarlands Rolling Road (now Georgetown Pike) and Little Falls Road (now Chain Bridge Road).

Near here two foraging expeditions came in conflict, December 20, 1861.

Following a victory at the Second Battle of Manassas (Bull Run) and a stalemate at Ox Hill (Chantilly), Gen. Robert E. Lee and the Army of Northern Virginia turned northward.

Following the First Battle of Manassas on 21 July 1861, Col. James Ewell Brown Stuart, commander of the 1st Virginia Cavalry, moved his troopers to Fairfax Court House and then here to Munson's Hill, the Confederate position closest to the city of Washington.

After the Union defeat on 21 July 1861 at the First Battle of Manassas, Pres. Abraham Lincoln appointed Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan as commander of the demoralized army.

The earliest private turnpike charter in Virginia was granted by the General Assembly to the Company of the Fairfax and Loudoun Turnpike Road in 1796.

Near here stood Ravensworth, a Fitzhugh and Lee family home.

The Frying Pan Meeting House, constructed by 1791 on land donated by the Carter family in 1783, was used for Baptist services until 1968.

Just to the southeast were radar and other control equipment that formed a portion of one of three Nike anti-aircraft missile complexes in Fairfax County.

Oakton resident Dr. Ira Noel Gabrielson was a pioneer conservationist, distinguished field ornithologist, and renowned author.

During the Civil War, this junction of Hunter Mill Road and the Alexandria, Loudoun & Hampshire Railroad was a vital crossroads as Union and Confederate troops moved along the tracks between Vienna and Leesburg.

After the First Battle of Manassas, Confederate troops led by Col. J. E. B. Stuart occupied nearby Munson's and Mason's Hills from late July until they abandoned their position about 29 Sept. 1861.

Nearby once stood Fort Buffalo.

During the Civil War, Confederate Col. J. E. B. Stuart used Mason's Hill and nearby Munson's Hill as outposts for the First Virginia Cavalry from late July to the end of Sept. 1861.

Here in 1934, at her home Harmony Farm, Florence Jodzies founded the Vale Home Demonstration Club, affiliated with the Virginia Cooperative Extension Service.

On 17 June 1863, early in the Gettysburg Campaign, the Union XII Corps camped just north of here.

In 1961, Robert E. Simon Jr. began developing 6,750 acres of Sunset Hills Farm as a community open to all races, ages, and incomes.

Prince William County Formed in 1730 from Stafford and King George, and named for William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland, second son of King George II.

E. B. Henderson, whose pioneering work fostered African American participation in athletics early in the 20th century, lived in Falls Church from 1910 to 1965.

Thousands of Vietnamese refugees immigrated to the U.S. after the fall of the South Vietnamese capital of Saigon in April 1975.

The first church on this site was built in 1734 and was in Truro Parish.

An early rural branch of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) was founded here on Tinner Hill.

After a day's march from Winchester on 19-20 July 1861, Brig. Gen. Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson halted his lead brigade of Gen. Joseph E. Johnston's Valley army near here.

On July 19, 1861 Stonewall Jackson's brigade of General Joseph E. Johnston's corps marched to this station from Winchester.

In Dec. 1862, Confederate Lt. John S. Mosby received permission from Maj. Gen. J. E. B. Stuart to form a cavalry detachment and raid Union outposts and supply lines in northern Virginia.

Here, on 19 June 1863, Maj. Gen. J. E. B. Stuart's cavalry fought Brig. Gen. David M. Gregg's Union cavalry division.

One mile northwest stands Welbourne (ca. 1770), which has housed members of the same family since the 1830s.

Here on the evening of August 22, 1862, General J. E. B. Stuart raided General Pope's headquarters.

Settlers began moving into this region of Fauquier County in the early 1700s.

Sgt. James F. Ames of the 5th New York Cavalry deserted the Union army in Feb. 1863 and joined John S. Mosby’s Partisan Rangers (later 43d Cavalry Battalion).

Paul Mellon, one of the foremost American philanthropists of the 20th century, lived nearby.

Paul Mellon established Rokeby Stables near here on property purchased in 1931 by his father, Andrew W. Mellon, financier and U.S. secretary of the treasury.

Mary E. Conover Mellon lived nearby with her second husband, the philanthropist Paul Mellon.

George Neavil, a planter and land speculator, acquired land in this area in 1731 and for decades operated Neavil’s Ordinary, which provided lodging and refreshment to travelers in Virginia’s backcountry.

After President Abraham Lincoln relieved Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan of command of the Army of the Potomac on 7 Nov. 1862, the general composed a farewell order.

This crossroad is a branch of the old Dumfries-Winchester highway, a colonial route connecting Quantico Creek and the Potomac River to the Shenandoah Valley.

Just west is Thoroughfare Gap, where Union and Confederate armies clashed during the Civil War.

Eight miles southeast, at Bristow (then Bristoe Station), Maj. Gen. Ambrose P. Hill's division of Maj. Gen. Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson's corps destroyed the Orange & Alexandria Railroad bridges over Kettle Run and Broad Run on 27 Aug. 1862.

The Black Horse Cavalry was conceived at a gathering of Warrenton lawyers in 1858 and was among the local militia companies called to active duty by Governor Henry Wise in 1859.

On 22 Aug. 1862, Maj. Gen. J. E. B. Stuart led his cavalry on a raid behind Union Maj. Gen. John Pope's army.

A mile northwest stood Waterloo Bridge, where on 22 Aug. 1862 Maj. Gen. J. E. B. Stuart crossed the Rappahannock River to threaten the rear of Union Maj. Gen. John Pope's army 14 miles southeast at Catlett Station on the Orange & Alexandria Railroad.

This classic Italian Villa-style house was completed in 1861 for Fauquier County judge Edward M. Spilman.

Here Lee and Longstreet, on their way to join Jackson, then at Bristoe Station, camped on August 26, 1862.

The Holtzclaw family acquired Ashland through a grant issued by Lt. Gov. Alexander Spotswood in 1724, and lived on this land until the 1920s.

About one half mile southeast, just across the railroad, a stone marks the site of the birthplace, September 24, 1755.

About 1719, five years after they immigrated to Germanna in present-day Orange Co., twelve German families moved here as lot owners of 1,805 acres on Licking Run claimed a year earlier by their trustees, John Fishback, John Hoffman, and Jacob Holtzclaw.

Reconnoitering on 13 Oct. 1863, Maj. Gen. J. E. B. Stuart found himself and two cavalry brigades cut off from the Army of Northern Virginia by the Union II Corps.

During the early morning of 14 Oct. 1863, just northwest of here, Maj. Gen. J. E. B. Stuart and two cavalry brigades, cut off from the Army of Northern Virginia by Federal infantry, attacked Union Brig. Gen. John C. Caldwell's forces as they brewed coffee and prepared breakfast on the hill.

Here Jackson, on his march around Pope to Bristoe Station, turned to the southeast, August 26, 1862.

Thomas Jefferson stated in NOTES ON THE STATE OF VIRGINIA (1782) that he found gold bearing rock weighing approximately four pounds near this site.

Lee and Longstreet, moving eastward to join Jackson at Manassas, found this gap held by a Union force, August 28, 1862.

Thomas Marshall, the father of future Chief Justice John Marshall, built Oak Hill about 1773 and relocated his family there from The Hollow, their former home nearby.

Near here Stonewall Jackson, after a march of twenty-six miles on his way to Bristoe Station, halted for a few hours to rest his men, August 25-26, 1862.

Gen. Robert E. Lee established his headquarters here on the evening of 17 June 1863 as the Army of Northern Virginia marched north.

(Six miles southwest of this location), on the morning of 27 Aug. 1862, Gen. Robert E. Lee rested at the head of Lt. Gen. James Longstreet's corps as it marched toward Thoroughfare Gap to join Lt. Gen. Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson's corps near Manassas Junction at the Second Battle of Manassas.

Near here stood the home of William and Ann (Neville) O’Bannon, where their son, Presley N. O’Bannon, was born.

Unable to extend a truce with the Union army, Col. John S. Mosby assembled his command, the 43d Battalion Virginia Cavalry, in a field just west of here on 21 Apr. 1865.

At Rectortown, four miles north, General George B. McClellan received the order relieving him from command of the Army of the Potomac, November 7, 1862.

Turner Ashby, Stonewall Jackson's cavalry commander during the brilliant 1862 Shenandoah Valley campaign, was born on 23 Oct. 1828 just north at Rose Bank.

After the Civil War, the constitution of 1869 established a statewide system of free public schools in Virginia.

In 1765, John Marshall, then nine, moved with his family from his birthplace 30 miles southeast to a small, newly constructed frame house one-quarter mile east known as The Hollow.

This historic district encompasses about 22,200 acres of the Northern Neck Proprietary, a vast region granted by the exiled King Charles II to seven supporters in 1649 and later inherited by Thomas, 6th Lord Fairfax.

In June 1942 the U.S. Army established a top-secret post at Vint Hill Farms to intercept enemy radio transmissions.

Leeds Parish was formed in 1769 largely within the Manor of Leeds, an estate that Thomas, 6th Lord Fairfax, carved out of his Northern Neck Proprietary and named for his birthplace, Leeds Castle in England.

Fauquier White Sulphur Springs, just west of here, was among the most prominent mineral water resorts in the South before the Civil War.

St. Stephen's Church was organized in 1842 to serve residents of this area who previously had to travel to St. James’ Church in Warrenton.

Half a mile east is the site of Leeton Forest, latter-day home of Charles Lee, Attorney General in Washington's and Adams' cabinets, 1795-1801.

Pursued by Union detachments after raiding a train north of Catlett Station on 30 May 1863, Confederate Col. John S. Mosby and 50 of his Rangers (43d Battalion Virginia Cavalry) made a stand on a hill just to the north.

Chosen as county seat in 1759, and first called Fauquier Court House, Warrenton was laid out as a town in 1790.

Clark County Formed in 1836 from Frederick, and added to from Warren.

Fauquier County Fauquier County was named for Francis Fauquier, lieutenant governor of Virginia from 1758 to 1768.

Culpeper County Formed in 1748 from Orange, and named for Lord Culpeper, Governor of Virginia 1680-83.

Fauquier County Fauquier County was named for Francis Fauquier, lieutenant governor of Virginia from 1758 to 1768.

This place became the county seat when Floyd County was formed in 1831.

Curtis Turner, stock car racer, was born here and honed his driving skills hauling moonshine in these mountains.

Floyd County Formed in 1831 from Montgomery, and added to from Franklin.

Montgomery County Montgomery County was named for Brig. Gen. Richard Montgomery, who was killed in the American assault on Quebec on 31 Dec. 1775.

Fluvanna County dedicated its only African American high school on 21 Nov. 1936 and named it the S. C. Abrams High School to honor the Rev. Samuel Christopher Abrams, who served as the county supervisor for the black schools and also as a minister in several Baptist churches.

Founded in 1898 by Dr. William E. Hatcher with the assistance of Charles G. Snead, Fork Union Academy established military training as part of the curriculum in 1902.

Fluvanna County was formed from part of Albemarle County in 1777.

Four miles southeast is Point of Fork, near which an Indian village stood in 1607.

John Baker "Texas Jack" Omohundro was born at Pleasure Hill Farm about one mile west of here on 27 July 1846.

The nearby Bremo properties include three separate houses, all built by planter, soldier, and reformer Gen. John Hartwell Cocke (1780-1866) on his family's 1725 land grant.

The Rev. John Jasper, one of the best known black preachers of the 19th century in Virginia, was born a slave in Fluvanna County on 4 July 1812.

Here was an important supply depot and arsenal of the Virginia government in 1781, and here Baron von Steuben, commanding the American forces, trained recruits for Greene's army in the South.

First classes of Fork Union Academy were held here October 15, 1898, in the residence of Susie Payne Cooper.

Rassawek, the principal town of the Monacan Indians, stood nearby, according to Capt. John Smith's 1612 map of Virginia.

Fork Union Baptist Church was constituted in 1798.

Louisa County Located in the heart of the Virginia Piedmont, this rural county was named for Louisa, a daughter of George II.

Fluvanna County Formed in 1777 from Albemarle.

Albemarle County Formed in 1744 from Goochland and named for the Earl of Albemarle, titular governor of Virginia, 1734-54.

Incorporated as a town in 1876, Franklin began as a Southampton County village in the 1830s.

George Camp Jr (1793-1879) acquired this land in 1826.

Pauline C. Morton, civic leader, graduated from what is now Virginia State University in 1933.

Della I. Hayden, educator, was born into slavery in North Carolina and moved to Virginia with her mother after the Civil War.

A major Blackwater River crossing was located here at Franklin during the Civil War.

This place was established as the county seat when Franklin County was formed.

Near here stood a stockade erected by Capt. Nathaniel Terry and garrisoned by men under his command.

Here through the Maggoty Gap, the Great Wagon Road from Philadelphia to Georgia, known locally as the Carolina Road, passes through the Blue Ridge.

Here stands the furnace and ironmaster's house of the Washington Iron Works, Franklin County's first industry.

Here stood Taylor's Store, established in 1799 by Skelton Taylor, a lieutenant in the Bedford County militia during the Revolutionary War.

Ferrum (Latin for iron) developed ca. 1892 along the new Roanoke and Southern Railway linking Roanoke, VA, and Winston-Salem, NC, known as the “Punkin Vine” line.

Booker T. Washington was born a slave on the nearby Burroughs plantation on April 5, 1856.

Appalachian Power Company built Smith Mountain and Leesville Dams between 1960 and 1963 to generate hydroelectric energy.

Henry County Formed in 1776 from Pittsylvania, and named for Patrick Henry, Governor of Virginia.

Near this place on June 15, 1863, Confederate troops of General Edward "Allegheny" Johnson's Division attacked and routed General Robert Milroy's Union Army during its retreat from Winchester.

Near here, the Confederate General Stephen D. Ramseur was attacked by General William W. Averell and pushed back toward Winchester, July 20, 1864.

The fort on the hilltop to the southwest, known as Star Fort, was taken by Colonel Schoonmaker of Sheridan's army in the battle of September 19, 1864.

Just to the east, a redoubt known as Fort Collier was built by Joseph E. Johnston in 1861.

On June 14, 1863, Jubal A. Early moved west from this point to attack Federal fortifications west of Winchester.

On the hill to the west, Stonewall Jackson, late in the afternoon of March 23, 1862, attacked the Union force under Shields holding Winchester.

Here Confederate Maj. Gen. Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson and his army, early on the morning of 25 May 1862, defeated Union Maj. Gen. Nathaniel P. Bank's forces during Jackson’s Shenandoah Valley campaign.

Springdale, home of Colonel John Hite, son of Joist Hite, leader of the first settlers in this section, was built in 1753.

General David Hunter ordered the burning of this town on May 30, 1864; but Major Joseph Streans of the First New York Cavalry prevented it.

Before dawn on 19 Oct. 1864, Confederate forces under Lt. Gen. Jubal A. Early launched a surprise attack on Maj. Gen. Philip Sheridan’s Army of the Shenandoah, bivouacked near Cedar Creek four miles southwest of here.

Near this point General Early, on the morning of October 19, 1864, stopped his advance, and from this position he was driven by Sheridan in the afternoon.

Here Stonewall Jackson, on May 24, 1862, attacked Banks, retreating from Strasburg, and forced him to divide his army.

On the highest mountain top to the southeast is the grave of an unknown soldier.

One mile west is the Old Stone Fort, built about 1755.

One mile east is the site of the Hackwood Estate House, built in 1777 by General John Smith.

In early Oct. 1864, portions of Union Maj. Gen. Philip H. Sheridan's army bivouacked here on the hills and rolling farmland just north of Cedar Creek along the Valley Turnpike (present-day U.S. Rte. 11).

One-half mile west at Greenspring stands the Old Stone Church, the second church building on the site, which was built in 1838 for a Lutheran congregation.

The Virginia General Assembly established Middletown in 1794.

Peter and Maria Stephens, German immigrants, settled here with their children in 1732.

This road, along which many of his skirmishes took place, is named for Colonel John Singleton Mosby, commander of the 43rd Battalion of Confederate Partisan Rangers.

This house, built in 1858, was the childhood home of novelist Willa Cather from 1874 to 1883, when she moved with her family to Nebraska.

Here Willa Sibert Cather, the novelist, was born December 7, 1873.

Here Jubal A. Early, detached to attack the rear of Milroy, holding Winchester, crossed this road and moved eastward in the afternoon of June 15, 1863.

Here Confederate forces under General Jubal A. Early, facing east, received the attack of Sheridan's army at noon on September 19, 1864.

On a hill, approximately one-half mile to the west, Philip H. Sheridan established his final position on September 19, 1864.

Just to the west was Camp Russell, constructed by Union forces in Nov. 1864.

The Great Indian Road, called Philadelphia Wagon Road by many settlers, was developed by Iroquois (Haudenosaunee) warriors traveling in the 1700s through the Great Valley of the Appalachians (which they called Jonontore) from Cohongaronto (north of the Potomac), to raid the Catawba in the Carolinas.

(Obverse) Morgan used this road in traveling from his home, "Saratoga," to Winchester.

German emigrant Jost Hite and about 16 other German and Scots-Irish families from Pennsylvania came to this region in 1732, creating one of the early permanent European settlements.

In Mar. 1748, George Washington first visited Winchester, then known as Fredericktown, as a surveyor for Lord Fairfax.

Thomas Fairfax (1693-1781), sixth Baron Fairfax of Cameron, was the proprietor of the Northern Neck Proprietary, a vast land holding that lay between the Rappahannock and Potomac Rivers, and extended to the Blue Ridge.

Frederick County Formed in 1738 from Orange, and named for Frederick, Prince of Wales, father of King George III.

Frederick County Formed in 1738 from Orange, and named for Frederick, Prince of Wales, father of King George III.

West Virginia West Virginia was long a part of Virginia.

From this hill (now called Lee's Hill) a little to the east, Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee watched the First Battle of Fredericksburg.

During the First and Second Battles of Fredericksburg, the Confederates occupied Marye's Heights, a defensive position enhanced by a sunken road and stone wall on the eastern slope.

Captain John Smith was here in 1608; Lederer, the explorer, in 1670.

On the heights one mile to the west, the home of the Thorntons from about 1736.

On the heights one mile to the west, the home of the Thorntons from about 1736.

The Congress of Racial Equality, led by James Farmer, organized the Freedom Rides in 1961 to challenge racial segregation in interstate bus travel, which had persisted despite U.S. Supreme Court decisions barring segregation in seating (1946) and in terminal facilities (1960).

Virginia's third Revolutionary Convention passed an ordinance establishing the Fredericksburg Gun Manufactory on 26 Aug. 1775.

In 1775, during the Revolutionary War, this "noble spring" was part of a 10-1/2-acre tract purchased for the Fredericksburg Gun Manufactory.

Four blocks west stands Kenmore, built in 1775 by Col. Fielding Lewis for his wife, Betty, sister of George Washington.

The Sentry Box (ca. 1786) is an elegant specimen of late-Georgian-style architecture.

Hazel Hill, the home of John Minor (13 May 1761-8 June 1816), a close friend of President James Monroe, once occupied this site.

Due to the efforts of local blacks, the Fredericksburg Normal and Industrial Institute (FNII) opened in October 1905 at the Shiloh New Site Baptist Church with about 20 students.

The former Farmers’ Bank building at this intersection was once the home and workplace of John Washington (1838-1918), who early in the 1870s wrote a memoir of his life in slavery.

The town is on the dividing line between Grayson and Carroll counties.

Near here Adam Harmon, probably in 1750, established what is believed to be the first settlement in Giles County.

Near here is the original site of C.C.C. Company 1370-2386, known as Camp John J. Pershing, from 1933 to 1935, when it was moved to Nottoway County.

The Reverend Robert Sayers Sheffey (1820-1902), although one of a kind as to style and personality, was a Methodist Circuit Rider in the classic frontier tradition.

Adjacent to and named for this stream, Wabash Campground was exemplary of a religious and social institution, indeed of a way of life, which flourished during the 19th century.

In this vicinity Christian Snidow, pioneer, established a ferry over the river in 1786, and built a house in 1793.

The New River is estimated to be more than 100 million years old, making it one of the oldest rivers in the world.

Giles County was formed from Montgomery, Monroe (now in West Virginia), and Tazewell Counties in 1806.

The town was laid off in 1806 when Giles County was formed, and named for Captain George Pearis, early settler.

Named for the narrows in New River.

West Virginia West Virginia was long a part of Virginia.

Giles County Formed in 1806 from Montgomery, Tazewell, and Monroe, and named for William B. Giles, United States Senator and Governor of Virginia 1827-30.

West Virginia West Virginia was long a part of Virginia.

Petsworth Parish, one of the four parishes of colonial Gloucester County, was established in the middle of the 17th century.

Gloucester County was formed from York County in 1651.

A mile east is Ware Church, built about 1693.

Two miles east is Toddsbury, home of the Todd family, built in 1722.

Three miles east is Warner Hall.

Here, at the Hook, Tarleton, commanding the cavalry of Cornwallis's army, fought an action with Choisy's French force and Virginia militia, October 3, 1781.

Long a home to Virginia Indians, this strategically important promontory was initially called Tyndall's Point by the English, after Robert Tyndall, who mapped the area in 1608.

Near here stood Gloucester Hall (built ca. 1660s), where Bacon's Rebellion effectively ended with the fatal illness of its leader, Nathaniel Bacon, in 1676.

The site of Werowocomoco is located nearby at Purtan Bay.

This is the third church of Abingdon Parish and was erected in 1755 on the site of an earlier one.

On this site stood the Hayes Store Post Office, where Irene Morgan boarded a Greyhound bus on 16 July 1944.

Argoll Yeardley patented 4000 acres of land, known as Tyndall's Neck, here on the north side of Charles (now York) River, October 12, 1640.

Here lived Thomas Calhoun Walker, the first black to practice law in Gloucester County and a civil rights spokesman who vigorously advocated education and land ownership for blacks.

Robert Russa Moton was born in Amelia County, Virginia, on 26 August 1867, and was educated in a local freedman's school and at Hampton Institute (now Hampton University).

Dr. Frederick D. Patterson founded the United Negro College Fund in 1944.

Three miles west, on Carter's Creek, stand the ruins of Rosewell, a grand mansion with the finest brickwork in the English colonies.

Zion Poplars Baptist Church houses one of the oldest independent African-American congregations in Gloucester County.

Zion Poplars Baptist Church houses one of the oldest independent African-American congregations in Gloucester County.

On this site stood the Gloucester Agricultural and Industrial School, commonly known as Capahosic Academy, a private high school built for African Americans before public high schools were available to them.

John Page, planter, scholar, and Revolutionary patriot, was born in 1743 at Rosewell, three miles west of here.

Bethel Baptist Church is one of the oldest African American congregations in Gloucester County.

Built on this site in 1921 the Gloucester Training School became the first public high school for African Americans in Gloucester County.

Two miles west stood Fairfield, also called Carter's Creek plantation, one of the most distinguished of Virginia's early brick homes.

The Women Airforce Service Pilots (WASP), including Gloucester resident Margaret Ann Hamilton Tunner (1917-2009), transported and flight tested aircraft and towed targets for the U.S. military during World War II.

Thomas Calhoun Walker, community leader and advocate for African American education, led local efforts to secure support from the Julius Rosenwald Fund for the construction of six schools and one teacher's cottage in Gloucester County.

Robert R. Moton (1867-1940), born to formerly enslaved parents, became a nationally prominent educator and retired here to Holly Knoll, which he built in 1935.

Seven and one-half miles southwest is Cappahosic, where a ferry was established early in the eighteenth century.

Here is Cappahosic, where a ferry was established early in the eighteenth century.

King and Queen County Formed in 1691 from New Kent, and named for King William III and Queen Mary.

About a mile southwest is Elk Hill, once owned by Thomas Jefferson.

The present courthouse is the fourth to serve the county and the second to occupy this site.

Near here the ancient trail used by the Iroquois Indians in their raids crossed James River.

Seven miles south once stood Dungeness, built about 1730 by Isham Randolph (1685-1742) who was the grandfather of Thomas Jefferson, President of the United States, and of James Pleasants, Governor of Virginia.

Second Union School, which operated until 1959 is the oldest-surviving of the 10 Rosenwald schools built in Goochland County.

Here Colonel Ulric Dahlgren, Union cavalryman, coming from the north, turned east.

James Pleasants was born on 24 Oct. 1769 at his home, Contention, located two miles south.

It was named for Sabot Island, supposed to resemble a wooden shoe.

In 1700-1701, Huguenots (French Protestant refugees) settled in this region on land provided to them by the Virginia colony.

Three miles north are the home site and grave of William Webber, pastor of Dover Baptist Church, 1773-1808.

Tuckahoe, a plantation owned by colonial Virginia's prominent Randolph family, was under cultivation by the 1710s.

In February 1864 a young Union officer, Col. Ulric Dahlgren, joined with Brig. Gen. H. Judson Kilpatrick to raid Richmond and free Federal prisoners of war.

Bolling Hall, to the south, was built in the late 18th century for William Bolling on land patented by his grandfather in 1714.

Bolling Island mansion, overlooking an island of that name, stands at a bend of the James River to the south.

In 1792 Captain William George (1760-1827), a veteran of the Revolutionary War, established near this site on River Road an ordinary which stood until about 1900.

Byrd Presbyterian Church's congregation is descended from worshipers, organized by theologian and future Princeton University president Samuel Davies at Tucker Woodson's farm in 1748.

Organized as Dover Mines Church about 1863, First Baptist Church, Manakin is one of the oldest African American churches in Goochland County.

In 1936 famed folklorist John A. Lomax visited the Virginia State Prison Farm here and at the Virginia State Penitentiary in Richmond.

Central High School, Goochland County's only high school for African American students, opened here in 1938.

Virginia's Open-Space Land Act, enacted in 1966 to promote land conservation, created the state's open-space easement program.

A mile north are the home and grave of Reuben Ford, pastor of Goochland Baptist Church, 1771-1823.

Nearby was the home of James and Lovice Sage, whose five-year-old daughter Caty was abducted in 1792.

This place became the county seat of Grayson County in 1850; the first case was tried in the newly erected courthouse in 1851.

Born in Elk Creek, Virginia, June 29, 1821, Member of the House of Delegates, 1874-1877.

Grayson County, formed in 1792 from Wythe County, was named for William Grayson, one of Virginia's first two United States senators.

Fries is named for Colonel Francis H. Fries, of North Carolina, founder of the Washington Mills Company.

Near here, in the barn of William Bourne, was held the first court of this county, May 21, 1793.

On 10 Dec. 1923, millhand Henry Whitter of Fries, Virginia, recorded nine songs in New York City for OKeh Records.

The original "New River Train" song was claimed by the Ward family of Galax as part of their repertoire as early as 1895.

The White Top Folk Festival was held annually from 1931 to 1939 (except 1937) on Whitetop Mountain, Virginia’s second-highest peak.

The Abingdon Branch of the Norfolk & Western Railway was nicknamed the "Virginia Creeper," likely for the train's slow speed through this mountainous region.

Riverhill Baptist Church Riverhill Baptist Church, 2.5 miles northwest, is among the region’s oldest African American congregations.

Grayson County Formed in 1792 from Wythe, and named for William Grayson, one of the first two United States Senators from Virginia.

Wythe County Formed in 1789 from Montgomery, and named for George Wythe, signer of the Declaration of Independence.

Carroll County Formed in 1842 from Grayson, and named for Charles Carroll of Carrollton, signer of the Declaration of Independence.

Grayson County Formed in 1792 from Wythe, and named for William Grayson, one of the first two United States Senators from Virginia.

A descendant of the Huguenot immigrant Peter Rucker, John Rucker (d. 1794) settled east of here on Rippin's Run, and built Friendly Acres, the first of many Rucker family dwellings in the area.

Near this site on 1 Mar. 1864, Maj. Gen. J. E. B. Stuart's Confederate cavalry engaged Brig. Gen. George A. Custer's Union cavalry in what is locally called the Battle of Stanardsville.

The Episcopal Church opened Blue Ridge School here in 1910 for children from mountain communities who had minimal access to education.

The village of Stanardsville was founded by William Stanard (died 1807), of Roxbury plantation, on land that was part of his 6,000 acre inheritance from the Octonia Grant of 1729.

Orange County Formed from Spotsylvania County in 1734, Orange County, a pastoral Piedmont county, was probably named in honor of William IV, the Dutch prince of Orange, who married Anne, the Princess Royal, daughter of George II of England, earlier that year.

Greene County Formed from Orange County in 1838, this rural Piedmont county was named for Maj. Gen. Nathanael Greene, Revolutionary War hero.

At this point Tarleton, the British cavalryman, crossed the Meherrin River, May 14, 1781.

Near here stood Homestead, the plantation of James Mason (1744-1784), who served in the Revolutionary War first as a captain in the 15th Virginia Regiment and then as a colonel in the Brunswick County militia.

Eight miles northeast stood Mabry's Chapel, the fourth Methodist house of worship built in Virginia.

Brunswick County Formed in 1720 from Prince George, Surry, and Isle of Wight.

This tavern was built late in the 18th century on Hickey's Road, laid out in 1749 to link settlements in southwestern Virginia to the Staunton (Roanoke) River.

The town of Halifax has been the county seat of Halifax County since 1777.

Halifax Church is the oldest Presbyterian church in Halifax County.

Built about 1789 by Captain Berryman Green, a quartermaster in Washington's army at Valley Forge and later a deputy clerk of Halifax County.

Here lived Rev. Charles A. Dresser, rector of Antrim Parish and builder of St. Mark's Church, 1828.

Joseph Dodson, Sr., built the smaller section of Carter's Tavern as his dwelling before 1773.

Staunton River State Park, about nine miles southeast of here, opened on 15 June 1936.

A short distance south is the grave of Nathaniel Terry, colonial soldier and statesman.

William M. Tuck was born near High Hill, Halifax County, Virginia.

Born in Roanoke on 1 Aug. 1920, Henrietta Pleasant lived here with relatives after her mother's 1924 death.

Campbell County Formed in 1781 from Bedford, and named for General William Campbell, hero of the battle of King's Mountain, 1780.

A Cooperative Extension Service pioneer, innovator, and educator, John Baptist Pierce was appointed in 1906 by Seaman Knapp and H. B. Frissell of Hampton Institute as the first Negro farm demonstration agent for Virginia.

On 10 June 1861, the first land battle of the Civil War in present-day Virginia took place here at Big Bethel Church.

About 3.5 miles south of here on 8-9 March 1862 occurred the first engagement between ironclad warships.

George Wythe (ca. 1726-1806), Revolutionary leader and signer of the Declaration of Independence, was very likely born at his family's Chesterville Plantation, about seven miles north.

The Native American village of Kecoughtan stood across the Hampton River in 1607.

In 1634 Capps Point, later known as Little England, was patented by William Capps, a prominent planter who maintained a lucrative saltworks.

Near here Captain John Ratcliffe built Fort Algernourne, 1609.

The fort was begun in 1819 and named for President James Monroe.

This zero mile post is a replica of the original post that stood here at the end of the track on the Chesapeake and Ohio Railway, from which point all main line distances have been measured for the 664.9 miles to Cincinnati, Ohio, since 1889.

In this casemate Jefferson Davis, President of the Confederate States, was confined, May 22-October 2, 1865.

The lighthouse, built in 1802, is the oldest standing structure at Fort Monroe.

Fort Monroe was the site of Major General Benjamin F. Butler's decision in 1861 to accept escaping slaves as "contrabands of war."

Aberdeen Gardens, built between 1934 and 1938 under the New Deal, was an innovative homestead community conceived to improve housing quality for African American families.

The first documented Africans in Virginia arrived here in Aug. 1619 on the White Lion, an English privateer based in the Netherlands.

Born a free person in Norfolk in 1823, Mary Peake devoted her life to the education and betterment of African Americans.

To the west, on the grounds of Hampton University, stands the Emancipation Oak.

Nearby, William Claiborne (1600-1677) built a warehouse about 1631 to support his trading post on Kent Island in Chesapeake Bay.

This house was the last headquarters of the Virginia State Federation of Colored Women's Clubs, organized in 1907 by educator and social reformer Janie Porter Barrett and other women who attended the annual Hampton Negro Conference.

A group of prominent local African Americans formed the Bay Shore Hotel Company, purchased land here, and in 1898 opened a resort for black travelers.

Dorothy Vaughan, mathematician, graduated from Wilberforce University in Ohio and was a member of Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority.

Mary Jackson, aerospace engineer, was born in Hampton and graduated from Hampton Institute in 1942.

Katherine Johnson, mathematician, graduated from West Virginia State College and was a member of Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority.

Benjamin Syms, who had settled in Virginia by 1625, endowed the first free school in the colony by his will of 1635.

One mile north, the Back River Lighthouse and keeper's dwelling stood for 127 years.

Here is the site of "the New Church of Kecoughtan," built before 1667 on Pembroke Farm as the third church of Elizabeth City Parish, established in 1610.

Nearby a monument marks the site of the second church at Kecoughtan (later Hampton), built in 1624 for Elizabeth City Parish, established 1610 and now the oldest Protestant parish in continuous existence in America.

Near here on the church creek stood the first church at Kecoughtan (later Hampton).

In this vicinity was situated Camp Hamilton, a large camp of Union troops first occupied in May, 1861.

Buck Roe, probably named for the Yorkshire, England, region of Buckrose, was a site of colonial experiments with wine and silk production in the 1620s.

Settled as Mill Creek and Strawberry Banks by English Colonists, the Town of Phoebus was "Roseland Farm" until 1871 when it was divided into lots and became known as Chesapeake City.

Settled as Mill Creek and Strawberry Banks by English Colonists, the Town of Phoebus was "Roseland Farm" until 1871 when it was divided into lots and became known as Chesapeake City.

Little England Chapel, originally known as the Ocean Cottage Sunday School, was built about 1879 on property provided by Daniel F. Cock.

In Dec. 1916, the U.S. Army purchased land four miles north of here to build an airfield to use jointly with the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics.

The National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA), created in 1915 to revitalize American aviation, was a pivotal force behind opening Langley Field in 1917 nearby to the north.

In 1906, the Virginia General Assembly authorized the Virginia School for Colored Deaf and Blind Children.

Hampton Institute began the Hampton Indian Program to “christianize and civilize” American Indians.

One mile north is Chesterville, birthplace of George Wythe (1726-1806), a prominent Virginia attorney, judge, legislator, and signer of the Declaration of Independence.

The National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA) was established by Congress in 1915 to “supervise and direct the scientific study of the problems of flight.”

Obverse: During the War of 1812, a British naval squadron arrived in Hampton Roads on 4 Feb. 1813 to establish a naval blockade of the Chesapeake Bay.

Obverse: As British Gen. Sidney Beckwith dispersed the local militia on 25 June 1813, Adm. Sir George Cockburn feigned an attack with barges at the mouth of the Hampton River.

Obverse: Following the British defeat at Craney Island on 22 June 1813, Adm. Sir John B. Warren sought revenge and ordered Adm. Sir George Cockburn and Gen. Sir Sidney Beckwith to attack Hampton.

Obverse: After damaging British coastal attacks during the War of 1812, Pres. James Madison recognized the need to improve the nation's coastal defense and naval power.

Early in the Civil War, on 23 May 1861, three enslaved men, Frank Baker, Shepard Mallory, and James Townsend, arrived at Fort Monroe seeking freedom.

Fork Church was first housed in a 1722 frame building near the present church site.

During the Civil War's Seven Days' Battles from 25 June to 1 July 1862, many engagements occurred along and near the Chickahominy River.

In mid-June 1862, having defeated three Union armies in the Shenandoah Valley, Maj. Gen. Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson and his Valley Army joined Gen. Robert E. Lee to defend Richmond.

Six miles east still stands Hanover Courthouse, in which, December, 1763, Patrick Henry delivered his great speech in the "Parsons' Cause," when he denounced the British government for vetoing an act of the Virginia General Assembly.

In 1838, the Richmond, Fredericksburg & Potomac Railroad bought 462 acres bordering its tracks twelve miles north of Richmond in Hanover County.

Following the Union army's departure from the North Anna River on 26 May 1864, Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee cautiously moved his army south toward Richmond to stay between the Federals and the capital.

A short distance east, at Taylorsville, Lee had his headquarters, May 24-26, 1864, as his army moved southeastward to intervene between Grant and Richmond.

The Marquis de Lafayette and his outnumbered colonial troops abandoned Richmond on 27 May 1781 to avoid Gen. Charles Cornwallis's approaching forces.

Near here, on Winston's Farm, J. E. B. Stuart, advancing north, camped on June 12, 1862.

Erected in 1729-32 as the Upper Church of Saint Paul's Parish, Hanover County, Slash Church's location next to swampy woods (a "slash" in 18th-century terms) gave it its name.

The two-room log house, a rare survivor of a once-common house type, was built about 1843 probably by Sarah Thornton, whose father-in-law John Thornton acquired the property in 1790.

Confederate Brig. Gen. J. E. B. Stuart with his 1,200 cavalrymen rode past this spot on the morning of 12 June 1862, heading west.

Here at Elmont (known as Kilby's Station during the Civil War), Confederate Brig. Gen. J. E. B. Stuart assembled the last of his 1,200 cavalrymen and began his ride around Union Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan's Army of the Potomac on 12 June 1862.

On the afternoon of 12 June 1862, Confederate Brig. Gen. J. E. B. Stuart's column passed here on a mission to gather intelligence about Union Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan's Army of the Potomac.

Late in the morning of 12 June 1862, Confederate Brig. Gen. J. E. B. Stuart and 1,200 cavalrymen reached this intersection on a mission to gather intelligence about Union Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan's Army of the Potomac.

On 5 June 1864, two hot days after Gen. Robert E. Lee's bloody repulse of Gen. Ulysses S. Grant’s frontal assault, Federal Lt. Col. Theodore Lyman met Confederate Maj. Thomas J. Wooten nearby on Cold Harbor Road to initiate written communication on the plight of the Union wounded between the lines.

In 1748, the meetinghouse here became vital to the colonists' struggle for religious and civil liberty when Samuel Morris and other Hanover Presbyterian dissenters called the Rev. Samuel Davies (1723–1761) to become pastor.

Virginia public school boards began providing transportation to white students early in the 20th century but frequently denied this service to African Americans.

A half mile north, a brigade of Union infantry commanded by Brig. Gen. James H. Ledlie struck the center of Lee's army, which blocked Grant's approach to Richmond.

Chartered in 1830 in Boydton, this institution is the oldest Methodist-affiliated college in continuous operation in the United States.

Three blocks west is Randolph-Macon College for men, oldest permanent Methodist college in America.

Chartered in 1830 in Boydton, this institution is the oldest Methodist-affiliated college in continuous operation in the United States.

English immigrant Thomas Stanley, born about 1670, championed the right to religious freedom early in the 1700s.

Newmarket stood on the Little River near Verdon in northern Hanover County until 1987, when to preserve it Robert W. Cabaniss moved it to this site.

Patrick Henry was born at Studley, just southeast of here, on 29 May 1736.

Henry Clay was born on 12 Apr. 1777 about two miles northwest of here.

The first railroad depot at Beaver Dam was built ca. 1840 to serve the farmers of Hanover and Louisa counties.

Lord Cornwallis, marching northward in pursuit of Lafayette's American force, camped near here, May 30, 1781.

Just to the east stood the Clarke house (Lockwood), wherein Gen. Robert E. Lee made his field headquarters, 28-31 May 1864.

Janie Porter Barrett was born in Athens, Ga.

Born in Richmond, Va., to a free black mother and enslaved father, John Henry Smyth graduated from Howard University Law School in Washington, D.C., in 1872 and worked variously as a teacher, bank cashier, lawyer, and newspaper editor.

John Shelton opened the first tavern at the permanent site of Hanover Courthouse about the 1750s.

Martha Ann Fields and most of her 11 children were enslaved laborers on the Nutshell plantation, just north of here.

Just west was Polegreen Church’s 18th-century glebe, a farm and residence provided for the benefit of its pastor.

The Civil War battle of Beaver Dam Creek (Mechanicsville) began on the afternoon of 26 June 1862.

Union Maj. Gen. Philip H. Sheridan from 9 to 14 May 1864 led three cavalry divisions on a raid around Richmond.

Here stood Bethesda Church, founded about 1830 and used by Baptists and Disciples of Christ until it burned in 1868.

Gen. Charles Cornwallis and his British forces left Petersburg on 24 May 1781 to attack the Marquis de Lafayette and his troops stationed in Richmond.

On 26 May 1864, following the engagements along the North Anna River, Union Lt. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant ordered Maj. Gen. Philip H. Sheridan and two cavalry divisions to move southeastward to secure crossings on the Pamunkey River.

Here at Marlbourne is the grave of Edmund Ruffin (1794-1865), one of the leading American agriculturists of the 19th century.

The community of Studley takes its name from the birthplace of Patrick Henry (1736-1799), orator of the American Revolution and first state governor of Virginia.

Airmail service was initiated by the U.S. Post Office and the Army on 15 May 1918.

During Confederate Brig. Gen. J. E. B. Stuart's intelligence gathering "Ride Around McClellan," a skirmish ensued atop this hill on 13 June 1862 when several companies of the 9th Virginia Cavalry collided with the 5th United States Cavalry.

On 31 May 1864, Brig. Gen. Wesley Merritt's Union cavalry brigade, operating under Maj. Gen. Philip H. Sheridan, advanced along this road and through these fields.

Studley plantation, established ca. 1720, was the home of John Syme, Scottish immigrant and member of the Virginia House of Burgesses.

Mechanicsville was held by Union outposts when, in the early afternoon of June 26, 1862, A. P. Hill reached it coming from the north.

Down this slope in the late afternoon of June 26, 1862, A. P. Hill moved to attack the Unionists holding the east side of Beaver Dam Creek.

Along this road Fitz-John Porter withdrew from Beaver Dam Creek in the early morning of June 27, 1862.

After achieving his objectives in the Shenandoah Valley Campaign, Confederate Maj. Gen. Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson led his army east in June 1862 to join Gen. Robert E. Lee in the defense of Richmond.

Here Lee and Stonewall Jackson conferred in the morning of June 27, 1862.

Leading up to and during the Seven Days' Battles from 25 June to 1 July 1862, bridges and roads played an important role in the movement of the Union and Confederate armies.

Just to the east was Gaines's Mill, a multistory grist mill that burned during the Civil War.

Half a mile south is Boatswain Creek.

On 25 June 1862, Gen. Robert E. Lee led his Army of Northern Virginia in the Seven Days' Campaign to drive Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan and his Army of the Potomac from the gates of Richmond.

Stonewall Jackson reached this point in the afternoon of June 27, 1862, after a circuit of Gaines's Mill.

The hill to the south, part of the Union line, was assailed by Stonewall Jackson (with D. H. Hill) in the late afternoon of June 27, 1862, after A. P. Hill's and Longstreet's first assaults on the west had failed.

On this hill, facing north, Sykes's division was posted in the afternoon of June 27, 1862, holding the eastern end of the Union line.

Scotchtown, about a mile north of here, was built ca. 1719 for Charles Chiswell, a land speculator and iron mine owner.

Henrico County An original shire formed in 1634.

Hanover County Area 512 Square Miles Formed in 1720 from New Kent, and named for the electorate of Hanover.

A mile and a half east of this point, Turner Ashby, Stonewall Jackson's cavalry commander, was killed, June 6, 1862, while opposing Fremont's advance.

Here Thomas Harrison and wife deeded land for the Rockingham County public buildings, August 5, 1779.

After victories at Front Royal and Winchester late in May 1862, Maj. Gen. Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson and his army rapidly moved southward along the Valley Pike.

Lucy F. Simms was born enslaved and grew up in present-day Harrisonburg.

The university was founded in 1908, through the efforts of state senator George B. Keezell, of Rockingham County, as the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg.

The university was founded in 1908, through the efforts of state senator George B. Keezell, of Rockingham County, as the State Normal and Industrial School for Women at Harrisonburg.

Edgar Amos Love, son of a Methodist minister, was born in Harrisonburg in 1891.

African Americans established the community of Newtown in this area after the Civil War.

About a dozen disguised people took Charlotte Harris from the custody of jailers in eastern Rockingham County on the night of 6 March 1878 and hanged her from a tree approximately 13 miles southeast of here.

In July 1956, two years after the U.S. Supreme Court’s decision in Brown v.

In 1864, Brook Road provided the most direct avenue of approach from the north for Union cavalry raids on Richmond.

Grace Arents was a visionary social reformer and philanthropist whose quiet determination and generosity transformed Richmond.

According to tradition, the Marquis de Lafayette marched his colonial troops from the north into Richmond on portions of present-day Brook Road late in April 1781.

The Exterior Line of Richmond's Civil War defenses crossed Brook Road near here.

Just south of here on Brook Road (present-day U.S. Route 1) is the site of Yellow Tavern.

Late in the afternoon of 11 May 1864, Maj. Gen. J. E. B. Stuart, the famous Confederate cavalry commander, was mortally wounded just east of here on Old Telegraph Road while rallying the left of his line during the Battle of Yellow Tavern.

Called Mountain Road Crossing when rail service began in 1836, the settlement which came to be known as Glen Allen took its name from the homestead of a local landowner, Mrs. Benjamin Allen.

On 11 May 1864, Confederate cavalry commanded by Maj. Gen. J. E. B. Stuart chose ground just east of here to engage Union cavalry under Maj. Gen. Philip H. Sheridan, who was advancing on Richmond by way of Mountain Road.

Gabriel, a slave of Thomas Prosser of nearby Brookfield plantation, planned a slave insurrection against Richmond on 30 Aug. 1800.

Just one block southwest at Young's Spring on Upham Brook, slaves often congregated on weekends to hold religious services and social gatherings.

Built directly west by John Stewart of Brook Hill and consecrated by the Right Reverend John Johns on 6 July 1860, Emmanuel Church (Episcopal) is a classic example of late-antebellum Gothic Revival architecture.

Adèle Goodman Clark fought tirelessly to champion both women's rights and the arts in Virginia.

Saint Joseph's Villa, founded 25 Nov. 1834 and incorporated 3 Oct. 1868, is one of the oldest-operating children's institutions in the United States.

William Lawrence Bottomley (1883-1951), the well-known architect who planned a number of sophisticated Colonial Revival houses for wealthy Richmond-area clients, also designed this large utilitarian structure.

The land comprising Meadow Farm was first patented by William Sheppard in 1713.

Constructed in 1825 for John Walker on Mountain Road, once a major route between Richmond and the western Piedmont of Virginia, Walkerton served as a tavern in 1828 and 1829.

Laurel, first named Hungary Station, was the location of a spur railroad line to the coal fields in western Henrico County.

Mountain Road was originally an Indian trail.

In the first phase of the Battle of Yellow Tavern on 11 May 1864, Brig. Gen. Williams C. Wickham and his Confederate cavalry were posted just south of this location below Old Francis Road.

In 1954, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in Brown v.

Boston, a chestnut stallion, was America’s most accomplished racehorse in an era when thoroughbred racing was the nation’s most popular sport.

On the hilltops here ran the outer line of Richmond fortifications, 1862-1865.

Lt. Gen. Ulysses Grant ordered an assault here on 27 Oct. 1864 to divert Confederate attention from a Union attack near Petersburg.

Here Sumner crossed the river to reinforce the part of McClellan's army fighting at Fair Oaks, May 31, 1862.

Half a mile northwest occurred the action of Golding's Farm at dusk on June 27, 1862, as the battle of Gaines's Mill, on the other side of the river, was ending.

One of Richmond's earliest streetcar suburbs, Highland Springs was founded in 1890 by Edmund Sewell Read, a wealthy real estate developer from Winthrop, Mass.

Nearby stood one of the outer Confederate defensive lines that guarded Richmond during the Civil War (1861-1865).

Defeated at Gaines's Mill on 27 June 1862, Union Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan’s Army of the Potomac withdrew southward to establish a base on the James River.

In the hill just to the west Stonewall Jackson placed his artillery about midday on June 30, 1862.

After the Battle of Savage’s Station on 29 June 1862, the rear guard of the Union Army of the Potomac continued its withdrawal toward the James River, passing through White Oak Swamp and destroying the bridge here.

About noon on 16 Aug. 1864, Union Brig. Gen. Alfred H. Terry, with almost 5,000 men in four brigades, attacked the Confederate line over this ground.

In this vicinity, the Union Army of the Potomac made a stand on 30 June 1862, during its retreat from the Chickahominy River toward the James River.

Here stood the center of Longstreet's line of battle in the afternoon of June 30, 1862.

On the night of 26-27 July 1864, a Union battle group led by Maj. Gen. Winfield Hancock crossed the James River on pontoon bridges a mile south.

Willis Church Road runs from here to Malvern Hill.

Here Lee met Longstreet and Jackson in the morning of July 1, 1862.

This was the extreme left of the Union line at Glendale, and was held by Hooker's division.

Across the road here stretched the Confederate line of battle, facing south, in the afternoon of July 1, 1862.

Here from east to west, Berdan's sharpshooters of Morell's division were strung out in the afternoon of July 1, 1862.

Across the hill here from east to west the Union artillery was in position in the afternoon of July 1, 1862.

Across the road here stretched the Union line of battle in the afternoon of July 1, 1862.

On 30 June 1862, as Gen. Robert E. Lee concentrated his troops to attack Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan's retreating Union army at Glendale, Maj. Gen. Theophilus H. Holmes's brigade of Confederate troops moved down New Market Road on Lee's right.

Confederate Brig. Gen. John R. Chambliss Jr., commander of a cavalry brigade, was killed near here after trying to rally his men on 16 Aug. 1864, during the Second Battle of Deep Bottom.

Born Thomas Jefferson Edwards here in Henrico County on 15 Oct. 1922, African American singer-songwriter Tommy Edwards composed songs recorded by well-known performers Tony Bennett, Red Foley, Tony Fontane, and Louis Jordan.

Col. Ulric Dahlgren's Union cavalry passed through this area late in the evening of 1 March 1864 before defeating the Richmond Armory Battalion at the Battle of Green's Farm, just south on Three Chopt Road.

The Virginia Home for Boys and Girls (VHBG) is among the oldest children's homes in continuous service in the United States.

Woodland Cemetery was dedicated on 30 May 1917 as a grand resting place for Richmond's African American community.

Wilton, a Georgian manor house built ca. 1753 for William Randolph III and his wife, Anne Harrison, stood on the banks of the James River three and a half miles southwest of here.

Fort Harrison served as one of the principal works in Richmond's defenses during the Civil War.

The Curles Neck peninsula was named for the curls of the James River or for a family of that name.

Malvern Hill, estate of the prominent Cocke family, featured a brick house built ca. 1720 on the site of an earlier frame dwelling.

Soon after landing at Jamestown in May 1607, Captain Christopher Newport, while exploring the James River discovered Turkey Island (two miles south).

The roads through Henrico County were important routes for the Revolutionary War campaign of 1781.

John Rolfe arrived in Virginia in 1610 and began experimenting with tobacco cultivation by 1612.

On 28 September 1864, elements of Maj. Gen. Benjamin F. Butler's Army of the James crossed the James River to assault the Confederate defenses of Richmond.

Matoaka, nicknamed Pocahontas ("playful one"), the daughter of Powhatan, was born about 1595.

In 1611, Sir Thomas Dale established the second English settlement in Virginia, called Henrico in honor of Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales, son of King James I. The town was located four miles southwest on a peninsula of high land on the James River.

A "University and College" was authorized by the Virginia Company charter of 1618 at Henrico Town but never opened.

John Rolfe emigrated from England to Virginia in 1610 and settled in what was to become Henrico County.

Bacon was born in 1647 in Suffolk, England, and was educated at Cambridge University.

The name derives from the resemblance of the tobacco introduced and grown by John Rolfe in 1614 to a variety grown in Varina, Spain.

Sir Thomas Dale established the original Henrico Parish Church at Henricus, 4 1/2 miles southeast of here, in 1611.

At daybreak on 3 April 1865, Federal troops formed to march into Richmond.

John Pleasants, Sr., nearby landowner and Quaker, requested in his will that his slaves be freed when each became 30 years old.

On 27 April 1781, Brig. Gen. Benedict Arnold led the British army's 76th and 80th Regiments, the Queen’s Rangers, and some other units in an assault at Osborne’s in Chesterfield County.

In this vicinity is believed to be the birthplace of Wahunsunacock, better known as Powhatan.

Benjamin B. Levy, a young Jewish volunteer, received the Medal of Honor on 1 Mar. 1865, one of the first Jews so recognized.

During the War of 1812, Virginia established militia encampments in eastern Henrico County to guard against possible British invasion.

Nearby stood the James River Steam Brewery, built in 1866 during a national boom in beer production.

During the Seven Days' Campaign, Maj. Gen. James Longstreet's and Maj. Gen. A. P. Hill's Confederate divisions moved east along Darbytown Road toward its junction with the Long Bridge Road.

The picket line of McClellan's army crossed the road here on the morning of May 31, 1862.

Union Brig. Gen. Silas Casey held both sides of the road here on 31 May 1862, in Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan’s first defensive line at Seven Pines.

This intersection of the Richmond and York River Railroad with the Nine Mile Road became one of Henrico County's best-known landmarks during the Civil War.

Most of the fighting on the second day of the Battle of Seven Pines (Fair Oaks), occurred near here on 1 June 1862.

On 25 June 1862 began the Seven Days' Battles as Gen. Robert E. Lee engaged Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan's Army of the Potomac, prompting McClellan to withdraw to the James River.

After crossing the Chickahominy River to the north at Grapevine Bridge, portions of Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan's retreating Union army destroyed the bridge and moved southeast along this road on 28 June 1862.

On 20 May 1862, Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan's Union army crossed the Chickahominy River over Bottom's Bridge into Henrico County.

On 16 Aug. 1864, Federal infantry stormed Confederate earthworks nearby, in the Second Battle of Deep Bottom.

The Battle of Darbytown Road, 7 Oct. 1864, was the last large Confederate offensive north of the James River.

In 1947, Virginia received its first Air Guard unit designated as the 149th Fighter Squadron.

The daughter of parents born into slavery, Virginia Randolph taught here in the one-room Mountain Road School beginning in the mid-1890s.

Fort Trial, constructed in 1756, once stood nearby overlooking the Smith River.

H. Clay Earles (1913-1999) opened Martinsville Speedway in 1947 with seating for 750.

George Waller (1734-1814) and his wife, Anne Winston Waller (1735-1839), established their plantation at Waller's Ford on the Smith River near here about 1770.

Henry County's first courthouse stood near here, either on the land that became Edgewood or in the area that became Stanleytown.

Chatmoss was one of about 50 Hairston family plantations in Virginia, North Carolina, and Mississippi.

Three miles southwest is Belleview, home of Major John Redd, a pioneer in this section.

Once located to the south was Leatherwood, the plantation of Patrick Henry, governor of Virginia and great orator of the American Revolution.

Henry County Formed in 1776 from Pittsylvania, and named for Patrick Henry, Governor of Virginia.

Henry County Located in the foothills of southern Virginia, Henry County is named for Patrick Henry (1736–1799), Revolutionary leader and governor of the Commonwealth of Virginia.

Henry County Formed in 1776 from Pittsylvania, and named for Patrick Henry, Governor of Virginia.

Henry County Located in the foothills of southern Virginia, Henry County is named for Patrick Henry (1736–1799), Revolutionary leader and governor of the Commonwealth of Virginia.

This congregation, first known as Central Union Church, was organized in 1822.

George M. Jordan and Philip E. Witts established The Recorder in Monterey in Oct. 1877 during a period of rapid growth for local journalism in the post-Civil War years.

Fort George was built in the spring of 1757 by Captain William Preston, acting on orders of Major Andrew Lewis.

Stonewall Jackson, to prevent a junction of Fremont and Banks, took position on the hills just to the south and beat off the attacks of Fremont's advance under Milroy, May 8, 1862.

This stately brick house was built about 1855 for Felix Hull (ca. 1823-1861) in the Greek Revival style popular in the late antebellum period.

(Obverse) HIGHLAND COUNTY Z-110 Formed in 1847 from Pendleton and Bath, and given its name because of its mountains.

Floyd County Formed in 1831 from Montgomery, and added to from Franklin.

Highland County Formed in 1847 from Pendleton and Bath, and given its name because of its mountains.

West Virginia West Virginia was long a part of Virginia.

West Virginia West Virginia was long a part of Virginia.

London native Robert Bolling, merchant and trader, acquired this property in the latter part of the 17th century.

African Americans prioritized education after Emancipation, and many attended one- or two-room schools built alongside churches in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

Wrenn's Mill stood south of here on Pagan Creek.

By Nov. 1621, Edward Bennett had obtained a patent from the Virginia Company to establish Bennett's Plantation, also known as Warrascoyack and Bennett's Welcome.

In Nov. 1621, Capt. Nathaniel Basse received a grant of 300 acres of land, now known as Basse's Choice, located nearby.

Smithfield, incorporated in 1752, became a busy colonial port and was county seat of Isle of Wight through 1800.

The Warraskoyack Indians, members of the Powhatan paramount chiefdom, lived near the mouth of the Pagan River and along its tributaries.

This Methodist church was known in 1804 as Benn's Chapel.

Col. Josiah Parker (1751-1810) served in the Revolutionary War in the 5th Virginia Regiment from Aug. 1776 until July 1778 when he resigned his commission.

Boykin's Tavern is a rare surviving example of the hostelries once common in Virginia courthouse complexes, where they offered food and accommodations for people attending court.

The James River flows about 340 miles from the junction of the Jackson and Cowpasture rivers in Botetourt County to Hampton Roads at the Chesapeake Bay.

Smithfield served as the county seat from 1752 to 1801.

One mile northeast, at Hardy's Bluff on Lawne's Neck, existed Fort Huger, a Civil War earthen fortification.

One half-mile north, Ivy Hill Cemetery, established in 1887, is the resting place of many prominent local residents including Joseph W. Luter, Sr., Smithfield Packing Company co-founder, and P.D. Gwaltney Jr., founder of Gwaltney Hams.

This industrial complex evolved from a sawmill that operated here prior to the Civil War.

Nearby, late in the afternoon of 6 July 1781, Gen. Charles Cornwallis and cavalry commander Col. Banastre Tarleton with 5,000 British and Hessian troops clashed with 800 American troops commanded by Brig. Gen. "Mad" Anthony Wayne and the Marquis de Lafayette.

Situated near Jamestown, Governor's Land originally was a 3,000-acre tract encompassing open fields between the James River and Powhatan Creek.

The 17th century road to Green Spring, home of Governor Sir William Berkeley, was the eastern part of the Great Road, the earliest-developed English thoroughfare in Virginia.

Nearby to the east is Jamestown, the original site of the first permanent English colony in North America.

Matoaka, nicknamed Pocahontas ("mischievous one"), the daughter of Powhatan, was born about 1597.

Less than one mile to the east is the site of the Church on the Main, a brick Anglican church built by the 1750s to serve James City Parish as replacement for the church on Jamestown Island, which had become difficult for communicants to reach.

Royal Governor William Berkeley, owner of nearby Green Spring plantation, purchased the land here by 1652, then known as Hot Water.

Wowinchapuncke was the chief of the Paspahegh Indians when the English established Jamestown in the tribe's territory in 1607.

On 2 Sept. 1781, about 3,000 French troops of the Gatinois, Agenois, and Touraine Regiments arrived at Jamestown from the West Indies.

On behalf of a grateful nation, President James Monroe invited the Marquis de Lafayette to visit the United States, his adopted country.

The Chesapeake and Ohio Railway Company constructed the Norge Depot 600 feet north of here in 1907-1908.

Near this location in 1901, Samuel H. Yonge, a civil engineer with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, spearheaded the design and construction of a seawall/revetment that halted the rapid erosion and loss into the James River of the most-historic part of Jamestown Island.

By the 1720s, several taverns stood on New Kent Road (also called the Old Stage Road) between Williamsburg and New Kent Court House.

The Geddy family, known for operating gunsmith and silversmith businesses in Williamsburg during the 18th century, had acquired property in western James City County by 1761.

In 1833 the founders of Olive Branch Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) met for worship at Hill Pleasant Farm.

Hickory Neck Church was built about 1740.

First called John Lewis's Ordinary and then Fox's, Burnt Ordinary received its name in Jan. 1780 when, according to the Virginia Gazette, Fox's Ordinary burned to the ground.

Six-Mile Ordinary, a popular 18th-century tavern also known as Allen's for its proprietor Isham Allen, stood six miles from Williamsburg.

During the spring of 1781, outnumbered American troops under the Marquis de Lafayette monitored Lt. Gen. Charles Cornwallis's British forces as they raided central Virginia.

During the Peninsula Campaign of 1862, both Confederate Gen. Joseph E. Johnston and Union Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan led their armies west toward Richmond on this road.

The ancient road that linked Jamestown, the original colonial capital, with Middle Plantation (later Williamsburg) followed a meandering course.

Eastern State Hospital is the oldest psychiatric hospital in the United States.

James Bray owned land nearby in Middle Plantation by the 1650s, and Quarterpath Road probably began as a horse path to one of Bray's quarters or farm units.

The Battle of Williamsburg, fought on 5 May 1862, was the first major engagement of the Peninsula Campaign.

Maj. Gen. John B. Magruder, commander of Confederate troops on the Peninsula from May 1861 until April 1862, oversaw the construction of three defensive lines designed to protect Richmond from an overland attack.

At Trebell's Landing on the James River, a mile southwest of here, the artillery and stores of the American and French armies were landed in September 1781.

During the 17th century Carter's Grove was part of the Martin's Hundred Plantation.

This plantation was allocated to the London-based Society of Martin's Hundred by 1618 and was later assigned 21,500 acres.

The first Martin's Hundred Parish church was probably built at Wolstenholme Town, an early-17th-century settlement that was located a mile southeast of here.

Skilled craftsmen of Polish origin recruited by the Virginia Company began arriving in Jamestown aboard the Mary and Margaret about 1 Oct. 1608.

Here, on the road from Williamsburg to New Kent, Stephen Forneau operated a popular tavern by 1715.

The first documented Africans in mainland English America arrived at Point Comfort (in present-day Hampton) late in Aug. 1619.

The first Germans to land in Jamestown, the first permanent English settlement in Virginia, arrived aboard the vessel Mary and Margaret about 1 October 1608.

In the first few years of the English settlement at Jamestown, colonists built small, isolated, fortified structures—called blockhouses—around the perimeter of the main settlement to provide refuges, observation posts, and rallying points in the case of attack.

After the Civil War, in the area that later became known as the Community of Grove, the Freedmen's Bureau confiscated land for displaced newly freed slaves and free blacks.

About 1617, Deputy Governor Samuel Argall established a settlement on 300 acres near here.

Angelo (Angela) was likely born in the West African kingdom of Ndongo, part of present-day Angola.

James City County One of the original shires formed in 1634, and named for Jamestown, the first settlement in Virginia, 1607.

Displaced from their reservation land on both sides of the Rappahannock River at Nanzattico and Portobago Bay, Nanzattico Indians attacked the farm of John Rowley, known for his disputes with the tribe, on 29 Aug. 1704.

In May 1861, Confederate forces commanded by Brig. Gen. Daniel Ruggles and Maj. Robert Mayo began constructing gun emplacements at Mathias Point, which is located 2.5 miles northwest on the Potomac River close to the Virginia shore.

Hanover Baptist Church, the oldest Baptist church in King George County, was organized in 1789 with a 93-member congregation.

James Madison, “Father of the Constitution” and fourth president of the United States, was born here at Port Conway on 16 March 1751, in a house that no longer stands.

Dr. Richard H. Stuart built a T-shaped house just southeast of here in 1859 as a summer residence for his family.

Ralph Bunche High School was built as a direct result of the Federal District Court case Margaret Smith et al. v.

This old church was probably built before 1750.

Two miles north is Marmion, probably built by John Fitzhugh early in the eighteenth century and later named for Scott's poem.

Eight miles northeast is St. Paul's Church, built about 1766.

The site of Port Conway is located five miles south on the Rappahannock River.

Four miles north is Eagle's Nest, the seat of the Fitzhugh and Grymes families, and the core of a 17th-century plantation.

King George County Formed in 1720 from Richmond, and named for King George I. James Madison, "Father of the American Constitution" and President of the United States, was born in this county.

Stafford County Formed in 1664 from Westmoreland, and named for Staffordshire, England.

King George County Formed in 1720 from Richmond, and named for King George I. James Madison, "Father of the American Constitution" and President of the United States, was born in this county.

Two miles east was Rumford Academy, established in 1804.

Kilpatrick, coming from the east, burned Confederate stores here, May 5, 1863.

King William Training School was erected here in 1922–23 on the site of the King William Academy (1903–22).

This property was home of Philip Aylett (1791-1848), for whom the village is named and who served in both the Virginia House and Senate.

Shortly after paramount chief Opechancanough's 1644 attacks on English settlers in response to the settlers' encroachment on Indian lands, he was captured and put to death at Jamestown.

In May 1623, Capt. William Tucker led English soldiers from Jamestown to meet with Indian leaders here in Pamunkey territory.

Eight miles south is the reservation on which the Pamunkey Indians live.

Two miles east is the Mattaponi Indian reservation, home of descendants of the great chief Powhatan, father of Pocahontas.

Lewis Burwell “Chesty” Puller was born on 26 June 1898 in West Point and lived here until entering Virginia Military Institute in 1917.

This was the parish church of St. John's Parish, formed in 1680.

On 13 August 1781, the Marquis de Lafayette encamped his army in King William County.

The Virginia General Assembly authorized Capt. Thomas Dansie to establish a ferry on the Pamunkey River 1.5 miles south of here in 1754.

The King William County courthouse, erected early in the second quarter of the 18th century, is one of the older courthouses still in use in the United States.

Sharon Indian School served as a center of education for the Upper Mattaponi Tribe.

Cockacoeske became the Queen of the Pamunkey after her husband Totopotomoy's death in 1656 fighting as an ally of the English at what became known as the Battle of Bloody Run.

Near here stood the town of Menmend, home of the paramount chief Opechancanough.

Nearby on the Pamunkey River was the location of paramount chief Powhatan's primary temple site, Uttamusack, the spiritual center of the Powhatan Indians.

Residents of the Pamunkey Reservation, 12 miles southeast of here, aided Union troops during the Civil War.

African Americans held worship services in a nearby railroad toolshed during the Civil War.

Robert Mush (or Mursh), a Pamunkey Indian, was a Revolutionary War soldier.

Virginia’s “Act to Preserve Racial Integrity,” adopted in 1924 to protect White “purity,” reinforced centuries of racial discrimination against Indigenous peoples, including the Mattaponi, Pamunkey, and Upper Mattaponi of King William Co. State officials used the law to effectively define Virginians as “White” or “Colored,” denying most Native people the right to identify as “Indian” on official documents.

During the summer of 1663, indentured servants (held for several years of service) in the Poropotank River and Purtan Bay region plotted an insurrection against their masters to occur on 13 Sept. 1663.

About twelve miles east is the site of the original home of the family of George Rogers Clark, conqueror of the Northwest.

This is Bruington Church, organized in 1790.

The first church on this site was the Lower Church of St. Stephen’s Parish, built ca. 1674.

Half a mile north.

This house, four miles south, was built by Colonel Humphrey Hill about 1722.

Union cavalry under Col. Ulric Dahlgren approached Richmond from the west on 1 March 1864 in a raid designed by Brig. Gen. H. Judson Kilpatrick to free Federal prisoners of war.

Park Church was built in 1723 for the newly established Drysdale Parish.

Newtown began as a pre-Revolutionary tavern crossroads on the intercolonial King's Highway.

A mile south on the Mattapony River is the site of Newington, birthplace of Carter Braxton (born September 10, 1736), signer of the Declaration of Independence.

About two miles south stood the colonial church known as the Apple Tree Church or St. Clement's Church.

The New Church, also known as Corbin's Church, stood to the east of this road.

Elders Robert Ware and John Waller, who founded Lower King and Queen (Wares) Baptist Church on 17 Oct. 1772, were imprisoned in 1771 and 1774 for preaching without the licenses required of ministers dissenting from the Church of England.

Although the Pamunkey Indians had been allies of the Virginia colonists since 1646, early in 1676 they were driven from their main town on the Pamunkey River by sympathizers of insurrectionist Nathaniel Bacon, and took refuge in Dragon Run Swamp.

A mile and a half southwest stood Laneville, built by Richard Corbin, receiver general (treasurer) about 1760 on the site of an earlier house.

This church, the new church of Stratton Major Parish, was built in 1767.

Donald Robertson (1717-1783), born and educated in Scotland, established a private boarding school on his farm near here by 1758.

James Horace Carter, a 45-year-old African American husband and father, was lynched on 12 Oct. 1923 a mile southeast of here.

When this church was constituted in 1774, the Baptist denomination in Virginia was rapidly expanding despite restrictions imposed on dissenters from the established Church of England.

King William County Formed in 1701 from King and Queen, and named for King William III.

Armistead Nickens was born into a long-standing family of free people of color that included at least 12 veterans of the Revolutionary War.

The watermen’s community of Morattico, 3.5 miles west on Route 622, is named for the Moraughtacund Indians who met Capt. John Smith nearby in 1608.

Lancaster Co. opened Brookvale High School to serve Black students in 1959, five years after the U.S. Supreme Court declared public school segregation unconstitutional.

Seven tenths mile west is Epping Forest.

About three miles southeast, on the north bank of the Rappahannock River.

Three miles southwest.

This church, founded in 1792, was the mother church of Methodism in the Northern Neck of Virginia.

John Carter acquired land on the Rappahannock River southwest of here in 1642 and established Corotoman.

John Carter had the first church built on this site; it was completed in 1670 after his death.

During the War of 1812, the British blockaded the Chesapeake Bay and sent raiding vessels up the rivers and creeks to plunder and destroy property.

Here was born, October 28, 1817, Henrietta Hall, (daughter of Colonel Addison Hall) first American woman missionary to China.

Located one mile south on land lying between the eastern and western branches of the Corotoman River, is the site of Barford, the dwelling of Captain Thomas Carter who was living there by 1674.

Albert Terry Wright (1871-1944) was born in Hanover County, Virginia.

Henry Fleete was born about 1602 in Kent, England, and moved to Jamestown, Virginia, in 1621.

Seven miles southeast on Town Creek near the mouth of the Corrotoman River is the site of Queenstown.

Kilmarnock was called "the Crossroads" about 1664, because multiple thoroughfares crossed here.

Major Edward and his wife, Diana Skipwith Dale, were among the earliest settlers in Lancaster County.

On 3 April 1813, one of the largest naval engagements in Virginia waters during the War of 1812 took place at the mouth of Corrotoman River.

Dr. Morgan E. Norris, a Lancaster native and the Northern Neck's first black physician, practiced medicine at this site 1917-1964.

About 2,400 enslaved African Americans in Virginia escaped to the British during the War of 1812, encouraged in part by a proclamation issued on 2 Apr. 1814 offering them freedom and resettlement in “His Majesty's Colonies.”

This pass was long the gateway to the West.

A short distance north is the Ely Mound, the best-preserved Indian mound in Virginia.

In March 1769 Joseph Martin led a party of men to the Powell Valley, and attempted to establish a settlement nearby.

In this valley in June 1785, Fanny Dickenson Scott's husband, Archibald Scott, their four children and a young male member of the nearby Ball family were killed by members of four different Indian tribes.

This Baptist church, a mile southeast, is the oldest church in Lee County.

The cliffs to the north were a familiar landmark along the Wilderness road which was blazed by Daniel Boone in March, 1775, and which was the principal route from Virginia to Kentucky.

Andrew Taylor Still, physician and founder of osteopathy, was born two miles southwest, near the Natural Bridge of Lee County, August 6, 1828.

This Camp Ground was established in 1810 as a place for religious services for the Methodists of Lee County on lands given by Elkanah Wynn.

This town was established in 1794 as the county seat of Lee County and was named for Frederick Jones.

In this valley, on 10 Oct. 1773, Delaware, Shawnee, and Cherokee Indians killed Daniel Boone's eldest son, James, and five others in their group of eight settlers en route to Kentucky.

Frank B. Rowlett (1908-1998) and Gene Grabeel (1920-2015) grew up in Rose Hill, seven miles northeast of here.

Long hunters, so named because they left home for months at a time, pursued game beyond the limits of Euro-American settlement in the 18th century.

John Donelson's line, surveyed after the treaty of Lochaber with the Indians, 1770, crossed the road here.

The Seminary United Methodist Church was established in 1851 in Turkey Cove.

Three men who served in Congress were born within a one-mile radius of this point.

Pennington Gap is a mountain pass named for an early settler.

Tennessee First permanently settled in 1769 and long a part of North Carolina.

Kentucky This first permanent settlement was made at Harrodsburg in 1774.

Passage of the Vocational Education Act in 1917 brought agricultural training to high schools across the nation.

William Henry Ruffner, educational reformer, clergyman, and geologist, was born in Lexington on 11 Feb. 1824.

VMI is an undergraduate public college founded in 1839 with the mission of preparing citizen-soldiers to serve in both civilian and military capacities.

The nation's first state military college, VMI was founded in 1839 on the concept of the citizen-soldier.

Founded, 1749, as Augusta Academy, near Greenville; reestablished at Timber Ridge, May, 1776, as Liberty Hall Academy; moved to Lexington and chartered as a college, 1782; endowed by George Washington, 1796, and named for him.

Just north stand the ruins of Liberty Hall Academy's stone academic building, which was constructed in 1793.

Near the intersection of Washington and Lewis Streets stood the original burial ground for Lexington's substantial free black community and slaves dating to the early 1800s.

John Chavis (1763–1838), a free-born African-American veteran of the American Revolution was a native of Granville County, North Carolina.

Lylburn Downing School opened here in 1927 after the Home and School League, an organization of local Black parents and citizens, campaigned for equitable schools.

The Negro Motorist Green Book, published from 1936 to 1966, was a guide to lodgings, restaurants, and other public accommodations that welcomed Black travelers during the segregation era, when many roadside businesses refused to admit Black people or served them on an unequal basis.

One half mile east, students at Washington College (now Washington and Lee University) founded Kappa Alpha Order in 1865.

Fifteen students and faculty members at nearby Washington and Lee University founded Omicron Delta Kappa, a national leadership honor society, on 3 Dec. 1914.

Virginia Military Institute instructor Maj. Thomas J. Jackson (1824-1863) and his second wife, Mary Anna Morrison (1831-1915), bought this house in 1858.

Stonewall Jackson, sent by Lee to move around Pope's retreating army at Centreville and cut it off from Alexandria, reached this place August 31, 1862.

In June 1863, Gen. Robert E. Lee led the Army of Northern Virginia through gaps in the nearby Blue Ridge Mountains and into the Shenandoah Valley to invade the North.

Aldie was the home of Charles Fenton Mercer (born 1778, died 1858), liberal statesman.

After the Battle of Antietam on 17 Sept. 1862, Gen. Robert E. Lee and the Army of Northern Virginia recrossed the Potomac River into Virginia.

In June 1863, as Gen. Robert E. Lee led the Army of Northern Virginia through Blue Ridge gaps to the Shenandoah Valley, Maj. Gen. J. E. B. Stuart's cavalry screened the army from Federal observation.

Near here stood the home of Sergeant Major John Champe (1752-1798), Continental soldier.

Willisville, 1.5 miles north, developed in the late 1860s around a small group of dwellings where free and enslaved African Americans had lived before the Civil War.

Just to the east, 1,700 Union troops crossed the Potomac River and clashed with 1,700 Confederates on 21 Oct. 1861.

Here Lee turned east to the Potomac, crossing at White's Ford, September 6, 1862, in his invasion of Maryland.

The house to the north is Oak Hill.

On 26 May 1781, Brig. Gen. Anthony Wayne began moving south from PA to reinforce the Marquis de Lafayette, who was maneuvering against British Lt. Gen. Charles Cornwallis in VA.

Near here Stonewall Jackson bivouaced on the march into Maryland, September 4, 1862.

A short distance west is the site of the "Chapel above Goose Creek", built by the vestry of Truro Parish in 1736.

In this vicinity (and according to tradition two miles east at Peach Orchard) was born Julia Beckwith Neale, mother of Stonewall Jackson, February 29, 1798.

The surrounding area of about 25,000 acres has been a cohesive agricultural community since the mid-1700s, when it was settled largely by former Tidewater Virginia planters attracted by its streams and fertile soils.

The Loudoun County Courthouse, first occupied in 1895, is the third on this site, which was designated for that use on the 1759 plat of Leesburg.

Morven Park was the home of Westmoreland Davis, who as governor of Virginia (1918-1922) created the executive budget system that concentrated state budgeting authority in the governor's hands.

This early-19th-century house and its surroundings four acres were purchased in 1941 by Gen. Marshall (1880-1959) and his wife, Katherine Tupper Marshall (1882-1978).

George Carter, a great-grandson of Robert "King" Carter, began this monumental mansion on his 3,408-acre estate in 1804 and embellished it over two decades.

Loudoun County’s Black high school students attended classes in an old, unsafe building until local Black activism led to the construction of Douglass High School in 1941.

Created under authorization of the U.S. Secretary of War, the Independent Loudoun Rangers were the only organized Union cavalry unit in Confederate Virginia.

Vestal's Gap Road is among the oldest remaining segments of colonial highway in America.

New Jerusalem Lutheran Church, formally established in 1765, was among Virginia's earliest Lutheran congregations east of the Blue Ridge Mountains.

Mt. Zion, recognized as the oldest continuing African American Methodist congregation in Virginia, traces its origins to the Old Stone Church, established in Leesburg in 1766.

A Native American trade route that traversed Virginia, linking the Potomac River with the Carolinas, passed by here.

Formerly St. James Evangelical and Reformed Church, this is the oldest active congregation of the German Reformed tradition in Virginia.

Taylorstown, one of Loudoun County's earliest settlements, stands near Catoctin Creek, a Virginia Scenic River, at the junction of the Loyalty and Taylorstown Roads.

Six miles north, at Hillsboro, was born in 1831 Susan Koemer, mother of Wilbur and Orville Wright, inventors of the airplane.

Jubal A. Early passed over this road on his return to the Shenandoah Valley, July 16, 1864.

One block north on Cornwall Street is the site of the first Methodist-owned property in America.

Charles F. Mercer is buried near here in Union Cemetery.

Union Maj. Henry A. Cole's 1st Maryland Cavalry was camped here on Loudoun Heights on 10 Jan. 1864 when Confederate Maj. John S. Mosby and Capt. Benjamin Franklin “Frank” Stringfellow attacked before dawn with about 100 mounted Partisan Rangers.

Fair Oaks, built ca. 1881 as the home of Alexander Moore, is a vernacular interpretation of the Italianate architectural style.

On this site stands Ashburn Colored School, a one-room public schoolhouse built ca. 1892 for African American students.

R. Preston Chew, Confederate artillery officer, was born here at Locust Grove.

Belmont was patented early in the eighteenth century by Thomas Lee, of Stratford.

Confederate Maj. Gen. J. E. B. Stuart, operating well east of Gen. Robert E. Lee, consolidated three brigades of about 5,000 cavalry and horse artillery here on the evening of 27 June 1863.

The association was organized by African Americans in nearby Hamilton in 1890 to commemorate the preliminary Emancipation Proclamation issued by President Abraham Lincoln on 22 Sept. 1862 and "to cultivate good fellowship, to work for the betterment of the race, educationally, morally and materially."

Nearby is the likely site of the Confederate "masked battery" (concealed artillery) that was an object of Federal concern early in the Civil War.

Maj. Gen. Ben H. Fuller was born in Michigan on 27 Feb. 1870.

The Virginia General Assembly approved plans for the Loudoun Branch (parts of which survive here) of the Manassas Gap Railroad on 8 March 1853, and construction soon began.

Bushrod Lynn was born in Loudoun County in 1842 and lived here at East Lynn.

On 22 Aug. 1814, two days before British forces entered Washington, Sec. of State James Monroe ordered government records, including the Declaration of Independence, removed to Virginia for safekeeping.

After the Union victory at Antietam, Md., in Sept. 1862, Pres. Abraham Lincoln ordered Gen. George McClellan and the Army of the Potomac to cross into Virginia and get between Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia and Richmond.

Margaret Mercer (1791-1846), educator and reformer, purchased Belmont plantation in 1836.

Amos and Mary Janney, Quakers from Bucks County, PA, settled here ca. 1733.

Charles Craven, a Black man about 25 years old, was lynched here on 31 July 1902.

Orion Anderson, a 14-year-old Black child, was lynched at the freight depot that stood just northwest of here.

This is the church site and cemetery of the oldest continuous German Reformed congregation in Virginia.

(Obverse) LOUDOUN COUNTY Z-143 Formed in 1757 from Fairfax, and named for Lord Loudoun, titular governor of Virginia, and head of the British forces in America, 1756-58.

Loudoun County Formed in 1757 from Fairfax, and named for Lord Loudoun, titular governor of Virginia, and head of the British forces in America, 1756-58.

Lafayette, moving west to protect stores in Albemarle from Tarleton, passed near here, June, 1781.

Providence Church, ca. 1747, was among the earliest Presbyterian churches built in Virginia.

Here Lafayette, moving west to protect a supply depot in Albermarle from Cornwallis, entered this road, June 13, 1781.

Bumpass Turnout, named for a family of local landowners, was a side track along the Louisa Railroad, which opened in 1837.

On the night of 9 June 1791, during his southern tour of the United States, Pres. George Washington stayed here at Jerdone Castle as the guest of Sarah Jerdone.

Lafayette reopened this road in June, 1781, when moving south to intervene between Cornwallis and military stores in Albemarle County.

At this old tavern Lafayette camped, on June 12, 1781, while moving southward to intervene between Cornwallis and military stores in Albemarle County.

Near here Wade Hampton's Confederate cavalry camped the night of June 10, 1864, just before the battle of Trevilians.

In June 1864, shortly after the bloody battle at Cold Harbor, Union Maj. Gen. Philip H. Sheridan and his cavalry moved westward to disrupt the Virginia Central Railroad and unite with Maj. Gen. David Hunter’s army, then operating in the Shenandoah Valley.

At Roundabout Plantation, eight miles southwest, Patrick Henry lived from 1765 to 1768, when he sat for Louisa County in the House of Burgesses.

Here the county seat was established in 1742.

Flora Molton sang what she called “spiritual and truth music,” a combination of traditional religious songs and her own compositions.

From the tavern that stood here, Jack Jouett rode to Charlottesville, by the Old Mountain Road, in time to warn the members of the Virginia government of the coming of Tarleton's British cavalry, June 3, 1781.

Here at Burnley's Farm was the site of Camp Monticello, CCC Company 2347, Boswell's Tavern, Virginia.

This is the site of Camp P-82, CCC Company 2359, Mineral, Virginia.

John Mercer Langston was born 5.5 miles N.W. of here on 14 Dec. 1829, son of plantation owner Ralph Quarles and his former slave Lucy Langston.

Cuckoo, long a landmark for travelers, was built for Henry Pendleton about 1819.

Hugh Hammond Bennett, “the father of soil conservation,” joined the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Bureau of Soils in 1903.

Much of Jerdone Castle's original 1,100 acres is submerged under Lake Anna.

Born into slavery about 1815 at The Hermitage Plantation near here, Henry Brown was working in Richmond by 1830.

Louisa Training School, the county's first high school for African American students, was built three miles northwest in 1926 with aid from the Rosenwald Fund.

African Americans in this area organized a patrons' league and campaigned in the 1920s for a new school to replace the inadequate facility then in use.

(Obverse) Louisa County Located in the heart of the Virginia Piedmont, this rural county was named for Louisa, a daughter of George II.

Albemarle County Albemarle County was formed in 1744 from Goochland County and named for William Anne Keppel, the second Earl of Albemarle, titular governor of Virginia from 1737 to 1754.

Nathaniel Lee Hawthorne, civil rights leader, campaigned for racial and social justice for the people of Southside Virginia.

Nearby stood the home of Thomas Pettus, vestryman of Cumberland Parish (1758-1779) and member of the Virginia House of Burgesses (1769-1775) and the Virginia House of Delegates (1777-1778).

St. Luke’s Episcopal Church, built in 1926, emerged from a Reconstruction-era mission school and chapel for African Americans known as Trinity.

Two miles southwest of Kenbridge stood Craig's Mill on Flat Rock Creek.

The town of Victoria, located halfway between Roanoke and Norfolk, was conceived in 1906 when the Virginian Railway was built to transport coal from Southwest Virginia to Tidewater.

Kenbridge was settled during the late nineteenth century as a farming community.

To the south stood the Glebe House of Cumberland Parish, residence of Anglican minister Rev. James Craig from 1759 until his death in 1795.

William Howard and Dabney Cosby, who had worked for Thomas Jefferson, completed this courthouse in 1827.

Three miles west stood St. John's Protestant Episcopal Church of Cumberland Parish.

African American patrons, lacking facilities for secondary education, established Lunenburg Training School here about 1920.

Lunenburg County Lunenburg County, organized in 1746, was named for King George II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg.

Lunenburg County Lunenburg County, organized in 1746, was named for King George II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg.

Lunenburg County Lunenburg County, organized in 1746, was named for King George II, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg.

This Federal-style mansion was built by John Marshall Warwick in 1826.

Nearby stood Chestnut Hill, the home of Charles Lynch, Sr. He was the father of John Lynch, the founder of Lynchburg, and of Charles Lynch, Jr., a Revolutionary officer.

Members of the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) settled in the Lynchburg area in the mid-18th century and met for a time in the home of Sarah Lynch.

Montview was constructed in 1923 as the home of Senator and former Secretary of the U.S. Treasury, Carter Glass.

To the northwest is Sandusky, built by Charles Johnston about 1808.

Point of Honor stands half a mile to the northeast.

The earthwork on the hilltop, two hundred yards to the east, was thrown up as a part of the system of defenses for Lynchburg, 1861-65.

Named for Confederate Lt. Gen. Jubal A. Early, this roughly square earthen redoubt served as a part of the outer line of defense for Lynchburg in June 1864.

The fort on the hill here was constructed by General J. A. Early to protect the approach to Lynchburg from the west.

Here ran the inner line of Lynchburg defenses thrown up by General D. H. Hill in June, 1864.

On the crest of the hill just to the south was a redoubt forming part of the defenses thrown up by General D. H. Hill, June, 1864.

At this point the Second Virginia Cavalry was mustered into service, May 10, 1861.

A line of shallow entrenchments extended from near this point along the crest of the hill to the east.

Here, facing west, ran the inner defenses of the city, located by General D. H. Hill.

Near here ran the line of inner defences located by Gen. D. H. Hill, June, 1864.

This building formerly stood at Eighth and Church streets.

(Obverse) In 1757 John Lynch opened a ferry here; in 1765 a church was built.

Born January 4, 1858, in a house which stood on this site.

Lynchburg College was founded in 1903 as Virginia Christian College by Dr. Josephus Hopwood and a group of Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) clergymen and lay leaders.

Founded by Dr. William Waugh Smith in 1891 and opened in 1893 as a member of the Randolph-Macon System of Educational Institutions, this Liberal Arts College has been recognized from its opening year for its high standards of scholarship.

In 1886 the Virginia Baptist State Convention founded the Lynchburg Baptist Seminary as an institution of "self-reliance," "racial pride," and "faith".

Nearby at 805 Madison Street is the birthplace of General Rockenbach, "Father of the U.S. Army Tank Corps."

Abram Frederick Biggers, (1838 – 1879), a lawyer by profession, was appointed the first superintendent of the Lynchburg and Campbell County schools in 1870.

This was the home of Edward Alexander and Anne Bannister Spencer from 1903 until her death on July 25, 1975.

Singer-guitarist Luke Jordan (1892-1952) was a familiar presence on the streets of Lynchburg from the 1920s until World War II.

Internationally known author and humanitarian Pearl Sydenstricker Buck (1892-1973) graduated in 1914 from Randolph-Macon Woman's College, where she wrote for the college's literary magazine.

Chauncey E. Spencer, Sr., aviation pioneer and Civil Rights activist was born in Lynchburg on 5 Nov. 1906, the son of poet Anne Spencer.

In 1951, the National Gallery of Art established a secret emergency repository (Code named Project Y) for its distinguished collection of art on the campus of Randolph-Macon Woman's College.

Old City Cemetery, also known as the Methodist Cemetery, was established as a public burial ground in 1806 on land donated by John Lynch, founder of Lynchburg.

Frank Trigg was a leading black educator in Virginia.

The desegregation of tennis was due in large part to the efforts of Dr. R. Walter “Whirlwind” Johnson.

Clarence William “Dick” Seay, who lived here, was principal of Dunbar High School, Lynchburg's secondary school for African Americans.

Camp Davis, a Civil War mustering ground for Confederate troops from Virginia under the command of Col. Jubal A. Early, once occupied this area.

Near this spot stood a small frame house known as Dorchester Home or Old Folks Home for impoverished former slave women.

Here lived Pauline Maloney, known as Lynchburg's “first lady of education.”

Dental innovator Dr. Robert W. Morgan lived here.

Artist and educator Georgia Morgan studied painting at Randolph-Macon Woman's College and at the Académie Julian in Paris.

Samuel Miller, born in poverty in Albemarle County, became a successful Lynchburg tobacco merchant as a young adult.

African American community leaders petitioned Lynchburg's school board for a new high school to serve black students early in the 1920s.

'Cile Turner, a Southside Virginia native who resided near Lynchburg, championed African American folk music during her 50-year career as a composer, folklorist, and performer.

Lucille Kent, born near here, was among the first Virginia women to earn an instructor's rating in aeronautics.

The Virginia Collegiate and Industrial Institute opened here in 1893 as a branch of Morgan College in Baltimore, Maryland.

Mbye Otabenga, later known as Ota Benga, was born in what is now the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

Lynchburg native Desmond T. Doss grew up nearby in the Fairview Heights neighborhood.

African American educators organized the Virginia Teachers' Reading Circle here at the Jackson Street Methodist Episcopal Church on 13 Aug. 1887.

Helen Pesci Wood, operatic soprano and arts educator, was born in Chicago and lived near here for many years.

Lynchburg native Cary D. Langhorne spent his early years here.

The deadliest fire in Lynchburg history occurred here at a Federal Transient Bureau shelter on 24 March 1934.

Maj. Samuel Scott (1754-1822), a Revolutionary War officer, bought land here in 1786 and established Locust Thicket, one of several plantations he owned nearby.

The Megginson School was built here ca. 1923 for African American students in the Pleasant Valley community, then part of Campbell County.

Diplomat and author J. Rives Childs lived here in his youth.

The nearby Presbyterian Orphans' Home (later HumanKind) fielded its first football team by 1922.

The Academy of Music was a regional center of entertainment early in the 20th century.

The childhood home of Rosalie S. Morton, surgeon and public health advocate, stood on the present site of St. Paul's Episcopal Church.

The NS Savannah was the world's first nuclear-powered merchant ship.

Morris Alexander was the first caddy master and a longtime golf professional at Oakwood Country Club, which opened here in 1914.

E. C. Glass became superintendent of Lynchburg's public school system in 1879, at the age of 26, and served for nearly 53 years.

John Chilembwe was the leader, in 1915, of the first major African uprising against colonial authorities in the British Protectorate of Nyasaland (Malawi).

Lucy Baber helped to overhaul Virginia's juvenile justice system in the mid-20th century.

The home of Elizabeth Lewis, one of the most influential women’s suffrage activists in Virginia, stood here.

Sallie Mahood, painter of landscapes and portraits for half a century, moved to Lynchburg as a young adult.

Helen McGehee was an internationally acclaimed dancer, choreographer, and teacher.

Dr. Augustus Lushington, veterinarian, practiced in Lynchburg for nearly four decades.

Samuel Kelso, born into slavery, became one of Lynchburg's first African American teachers after the Civil War.

Lynchburg resident Carl Cato, a nationally recognized rosarian, was best known for collecting antique roses and saving them from extinction.

Near this spot, scientist, educator, and founder of the American Lyceum movement Josiah Holbrook accidentally fell to his death while studying rocks and minerals along the bluffs of Blackwater Creek during a research trip through Virginia.

A transit prisoner of war camp for Union soldiers opened near here in June 1862 with the arrival of more than 2,000 men captured during the Shenandoah Valley Campaign.

Diamond Hill Baptist Church was established in 1872, seven years after slavery was abolished.

Jacob Eschbach Yoder (22 Feb. 1838-15 Apr. 1905), reared a Mennonite in Pennsylvania, came to Lynchburg after the Civil War to teach former slaves in the Freedmen's Bureau's Camp Davis School.

The congregation was organized in 1843, when Lynchburg's African American Baptists were separated from First Baptist Church.

Here at Locust Dale, Stonewall Jackson's army crossed the river moving north to the battle of Cedar Mountain, August 9, 1862.

Two miles northeast is Woodberry Forest School, a college preparatory school for boys, founded in 1889 by Robert Stringfellow Walker, a captain with Mosby's Rangers.

First known as Jack's Shop for a blacksmith shop that stood nearby, Rochelle was the scene of a cavalry skirmish on 22 September 1863.

One mile west was the home of Joseph Early, Revolutionary soldier.

Joe Thoms, Sr., a slave harness-maker, founded Oak Grove Baptist Church during the Civil War at his nearby log cabin, which burned in 1869.

On 10 October 1863, Confederate cavalry commanded by Maj. Gen. J. E. B. Stuart engaged Union cavalry and infantry under Brig. Gen. H. Judson Kilpatrick and Maj. Gen. William H. French at James City (present-day Leon).

Stonewall Jackson, on his march from Winchester to Fredericksburg, preceding the battle of Fredericksburg, camped here, November 26, 1862.

Lt. Gov. Alexander Spotswood and a company of explorers, heading westward from Germanna, camped about four miles northeast of here on 31 Aug. 1716.

This Greek Revival-style house was built about 1852 for state senator Thomas N. Welch.

Nearby stands Hebron Lutheran Church.

The Blue Ridge Turnpike, completed in 1853, passed near here on its 56-mile route from the vicinity of New Market to the railhead in Gordonsville.

Clinton Greaves (or Graves), Medal of Honor recipient, was born in Madison County, very likely into slavery.

Oliver Dinwiddie Tucker, baseball player, grew up here in Radiant.

Rapidan Baptist Church, formed by Elijah Craig, James Reed, Samuel Harriss, and John Waller, was constituted on 14 Jan. 1773.

Just to the north, on the night of November 25, 1862, Stonewall Jackson, with his corps, camped.

Madison County In the hills of the Piedmont, against the Blue Ridge Mountains, Madison County was formed from Culpeper County in 1792.

Culpeper County Formed from Orange County in 1749, Culpeper County originally included the territory that now comprises Culpeper, Madison, and Rappahannock Counties.

Culpeper County Formed in 1748 from Orange, and named for Lord Culpeper, Governor of Virginia 1680-83.

Named for Wm.

According to tradition the name Manassas was derived either from an Indian source or from Manasseh, a Jewish innkeeper at Manassas Gap (35 miles west).

The city of Manassas originated in 1852 at the junction of the Manassas Gap and the Orange & Alexandria railroads.

In 1908 the General Assembly authorized ten agricultural high schools, one in each congressional district.

Here in 1949, six all-white, all-male juries convicted seven black men of the rape of a white woman.

Named for Joseph Martin, pioneer, who settled here in 1773.

Since the late 19th century, Fayette Street has been a gateway to the business, social, and cultural life of African Americans here.

The Town of Martinsville chartered Oakwood Cemetery in 1883 and deeded it to the Martinsville Cemetery Association in 1887.

Henry County opened a new Dry Bridge School just south of here in 1928 after the School Improvement League, an organization of African Americans living east of Martinsville, campaigned under the leadership of the Rev. W. F. Geter to replace the original Dry Bridge Colored School.

Kingston Parish was established about 1652.

People enslaved in Mathews County and environs repeatedly seized opportunities to escape, taking advantage of the area’s long shoreline and access to deepwater shipping.

In 1910, Gwynn’s Island was home to 135 Black residents (17 % of the population), many of them landowners.

At the urging of African American women in the Susan community, African American men built a log school ca. 1869.

Sally Tompkins, born at Poplar Grove 3 miles south of here, was the only woman granted a commission in the Army of the Confederacy.

On the shore here General Andrew Lewis, commanding the Virginia forces, erected a battery facing a stockaded camp on Gwynn's Island established by Governor Lord Dunmore, July, 1776.

Fitchett's Wharf was a center of commercial activity for this area of Mathews County from 1845 until the early 20th century.

Just south, between Put In Creek and Woodas Creek, lies the former glebe of Kingston Parish of the Church of England (now the Protestant Episcopal Church).

Mathews County was formed in 1790 from Gloucester County and named for Thomas Mathews, of Norfolk, a soldier of the Revolution who was then Speaker of the Virginia House of Delegates.

Standing at the end of what was once the southernmost peninsula in Mathews County, now surrounded by water, the lighthouse marks the entrance to Mobjack Bay.

African Americans formed the Mathews Educational League in 1923 and raised $9,900 to build a four-room school here in 1926-1927.

One and a half miles north is the site of his home "Windsor" where he developed an excellent botanical garden.

Gloucester County Formed in 1651 from York, and named for Gloucester County, England.

Gloucester County Formed in 1651 from York, and named for Gloucester County, England.

Born in Powhatan County on 18 Oct. 1897, Earle D. Gregory enlisted in 1914 at Chase City in the Virginia Volunteers (Virginia National Guard).

The second William Byrd obtained land here about 1730 and named the place "Blue Stone Castle."

The Occaneechi Indians once lived nearby on an island in the Roanoke River.

A mile south is the site of Salem Chapel, one of the pioneer Methodist churches of the state.

In 1889 South Hill's founding fathers laid out the town’s boundary in a circle radiating 5/8s of a mile from a point within the intersection of the Atlantic and Danville Railway tracks and the Boydton Plank Road (now U.S. Rt.

East End High School opened near this location in Sept. 1953 to serve African American students during the segregation era.

Educational opportunities for White women in Virginia expanded during the 19th century as female institutes taught academic subjects as well as the arts.

The Occaneechi Indians once lived nearby on an island in the Roanoke River.

La Crosse became the junction of the Atlantic and Danville Railway and the Seaboard Air Line Railway in 1900.

Richard Kennon of Mecklenburg served as an officer in the 5th Virginia Regiment, 1776-1778 and later in the State Militia.

In 1876 the United Presbyterian Church and the Rev. J. J. Ashenhurst, first principal, formed Thyne Institute, the only facility in Mecklenburg County offering courses for blacks until 1923.

Just to the east is the former West End High School, which served African Americans during the segregation era.

Born enslaved on one of William Sydnor's plantations in Halifax County, Patrick Robert “Parker” Sydnor became literate at a freedmen’s school after the Civil War.

This is the original campus of Randolph-Macon College, the oldest Methodist-affiliated college still operating in the United States.

Seven miles south.

The Boydton and Petersburg Plank Road was built between 1851 and 1853 and was funded by stock bought by the state as well as the public.

Between 1817 and 1949, nearby Buffalo Springs hosted guests from across the country, promising good health from its mineral waters.

James Solomon Russell was born enslaved on 20 Dec. 1857 on the nearby Hendrick Plantation.

Faith leaders of the local Black community organized Beautiful Plain Baptist Church here in 1882.

The presence of the Boyd Tavern, built in the eighteenth-century, greatly influenced the selection of Boydton as the Mecklenburg County seat.

Charlotte County Formed in 1764 from Lunenburg, and named for Queen Charlotte, wife of King George III.

In 1915, four influential African American residents of South Hill—the Rev. J. H. Simmons, Mary E. Simmons, Robert Walker, and James E. Skipwith—established the Mecklenburg County Training School for black students.

Mecklenburg County Formed in 1764 from Lunenburg, and named for Princess Charlotte, of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, queen of George III.

Halifax County Formed in 1752 from Lunenburg, and named for George Montague Dunk, Earl of Halifax, British statesman.

Mecklenburg County Formed in 1764 from Lunenburg, and named for Princess Charlotte, of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, queen of George III.

In 1849, the county seat of Middlesex was moved from Urbanna to Saluda.

The wealthy and politically prominent Robinson family established Hewick, named for their estate in Yorkshire, England, on land acquired here late in the 17th century.

Christ Church Parish of the Church of England was created in 1666 when two earlier parishes merged.

In Christ Churchyard immediately to north lies buried Lt. Gen. Lewis Burwell Puller USMC.

The first church on this site served Piankatank Parish (established in 1657) of the Church of England.

Capt. John Smith led two exploratory voyages in Chesapeake Bay during the summer of 1608.

Eight miles east, where the Rappahannock River joins Chesapeake Bay.

In 1608, Capt. John Smith mapped Opiscopank near here as an Indian town where a chief lived.

A short distance east is Rosegill.

In 1678, Christopher Robinson purchased 300 acres here that became Hewick, the Virginia seat of the Robinson family.

Six enslaved men (Alexander Franklin, David Harris, John Hunter, Miles Hunter, Peter Hunter, and Samuel Hunter), fearing impressment into Confederate service, sought refuge in the Stingray Point Lighthouse near here on 15 July 1861 and hailed the USS Mount Vernon.

Antioch Baptist Church, the oldest black church in Middlesex County, was formed in 1866 by black members of white-led Clark’s Neck (later Saluda) Baptist Church.

First known as Nimcock Creek, this creek was mentioned in a legislative act of 1680 as "Wormeley's Creek."

This building served as the Middlesex County courthouse from 1748 to 1852.

Born in Lancaster County on 13 Apr. 1711, John Mitchell studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh and in 1734 opened a practice here in Urbanna.

In Aug. 1863, Confederate Navy Lt. John Taylor Wood, moving overland with boarding cutters carried on modified wagons and a contingent of 82 men, embarked on an expedition to attack Union ships.

Irene Morgan's resistance to segregation led to an important court case.

African American residents of Middlesex County established the Langston Training School (later the Middlesex Training School) in 1917 to serve elementary and high school students.

Two miles to the north, in the colonial port of entry of Urbanna, is a restored eighteenth century storehouse.

Five miles south lies the main campus of Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, founded in 1872 as a land-grant college specializing in agriculture and mechanical arts.

Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University was founded in 1872 as a land-grant college specializing in agriculture and mechanics.

Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University was founded in 1872 as a land-grant college specializing in agriculture and mechanics.

The earliest portion of Solitude was constructed about 1801 on land owned by Philip Barger, who sold the property in 1803 to James Patton Preston, governor of Virginia (1816-1819).

The airport was founded in 1931 as a college-owned facility.

The Future Farmers of Virginia (FFV) was founded on the campus of Virginia Polytechnic Institute by four members of the Agricultural Education Department in September, 1925.

Fotheringay was the home of George Hancock (1754-1820), an officer during the Revolutionary War and later a colonel in the Botetourt County militia.

In 1866, Captain Charles S. Schaeffer, a Freedmen's Bureau agent, organized a school for blacks on the hill just to the southeast.

In this town occurred the duel between Thomas Lewis and John McHenry in May, 1808.

Christiansburg, originally known as "Hans' Meadows," was established in 1792 and named for Colonel William Christian noted Colonial and Revolutionary Indian fighter.

Ephraim Vause was appointed Captain of Horse in 1753 and was considered a man of considerable influence.

Joseph and Jeanne de Vigné Crockett settled on this farm early in the 1760s.

Smithfield, visible to the northeast, was the last home of Col. William Preston, a noted surveyor who fostered the settlement of western lands.

On 30 July 1755, during the French and Indian War, Shawnee Indians attacked the Draper's Meadow settlement nearby.

Near here stood Montgomery White Sulphur Springs, popular resort area of 19th century America.

Just northeast stood the home of William Black, the founder of Blacksburg.

Price's Fork is within the area often referred to as the German New River Settlement.

Virginia’s first annual 4-H Boys’ and Girls’ State Short Course was held in Aug. 1919 on the campus of Virginia Tech.

Crockett Springs, just south of here, was a prominent resort that for 50 years attracted visitors from Virginia and beyond.

Giles County Formed in 1806 from Montgomery, Tazewell, and Monroe, and named for William B. Giles, United States Senator and Governor of Virginia 1827-30.

One mile from here is "Level Green," the home of Major Thomas Massie (1747-1834).

Three miles southwest is Union Hill, home of William Cabell.

Known for helping to develop Methodism as a circuit rider in Kentucky, Tennessee, Indiana, Ohio, and Illinois, Peter Cartwright was born three miles southeast.

Confederate Col. John Singleton Mosby was born in Powhatan County on 6 Dec. 1833.

On 20 Aug. 1969, torrential rains, following remnants of Hurricane Camille, devastated this area.

On August 20, 1969, torrential rains, following remnants of Hurricane Camille, devastated this area.

Nelson County was formed from Amherst County in 1807.

About two miles east is Oak Ridge, a 4,800-acre estate first patented in the 1730s.

Two miles east, at Oak Ridge, was born William Cabell Rives, May 4, 1792.

Just west of here near the old Stage Road stood Amherst County’s first purpose-built courthouse, constructed on privately owned land shortly after the county’s creation in 1761.

Born in Richmond in 1869, William Archer Rutherfoord Goodwin lived in Norwood from 1871 until he entered Roanoke College in 1885.

This is the Piney River Depot of the Virginia Blue Ridge Railway, a short-line railroad built in 1915-1916 to transport lumber from industrial sawmills at Woodson and Massies Mill.

The Rockfish meetinghouse was established here by 1746, making it one of the oldest Presbyterian churches in the region.

William Harris Crawford was born in this vicinity on 24 Feb. 1772 and moved with his family to Georgia during his childhood.

The Blue Ridge Tunnel, which opened to railroad traffic in 1858, lies beneath Rockfish Gap, where Interstate 64, U.S. Route 250, Skyline Drive, the Blue Ridge Parkway, and the Appalachian Trail converge.

Just west of here is the northern terminus of the Blue Ridge Parkway, a 469-mile-long scenic route that links Shenandoah National Park in VA with Great Smoky Mountains National Park in NC.

The commission appointed to select a site for the University of Virginia met 1-4 August 1818 in the tavern that stood nearby.

Near this site on September 21, 1933, Richard C. duPont was launched from Afton Mountain in his Bowlus sailplane, Albatross.

At its western edge, this 16,300-acre historic district takes in Rockfish Gap, which at 1,903ʹ elevation is the lowest passage through the Blue Ridge Mountains for a span of more than 110 miles.

Augusta County Formed in 1738 from Orange, and named for Augusta, Princess of Wales and mother of King George III.

Amherst County Formed in 1761 from Albemarle, and named for Jeffrey, Lord Amherst, British commander in the French and Indian War.

Buckingham County was formed from Albemarle County in 1761.

In Dec. 1607, while exploring the headwaters of the nearby Chickahominy River, Capt. John Smith and his party were captured by a hunting party consisting of members of the Paspaheghs, Chickahominies, Youghtanunds, Pamunkeys, Mattaponis, and Chiskiacks.

One mile south is Long Bridge over the Chickahominy River.

The site of Forge Bridge over the Chickahominy River is located about a mile south of here.

Powhatan, the paramount chief of many Virginia Algonquian tribes when the English first landed at Jamestown, lived near here at the town of Orapax, having moved from Werowocomoco in 1609 following conflicts with the English.

The Department of Game and Inland Fisheries established the first Virginia State Game Farm nearby in 1920.

One mile south is the home of descendants of the Chickahominy Indians, a powerful tribe at the time of the settlement of Jamestown.

During the Third Anglo-Powhatan War (1644-1646), English colonists burned Chickahominy Indian towns in this area, destroyed valuables and food, and took many prisoners.

A mile and a half south of here on the Chickahominy River stood Moysonec, an Indian village.

As part of British Maj. Gen. William Phillips Apr. 1781 campaign in Virginia by the 21st he sent Lt. Col. Robert Abercrombie's Light Infantry from Barrett's Ferry, where it enters the James River, to destroy the state's naval docks, ships, warehouses, and numerous military stores along the Chickahominy River.

Half a mile north on Diascund Creek stood Cooper's Mill.

After a detachment of the Marquis de Lafayette's army defeated Maj. John G. Simcoe's cavalry at Spencer's Ordinary near Williamsburg on 26 June 1781, Lafayette shadowed the British army encamped at the colonial capital.

Letitia Christian Tyler, wife of Pres. John Tyler, is buried at Cedar Grove Cemetery a mile northeast.

Liberty Church was organized in 1830 with 25 members led by Elder Thomas S. Morris.

White House plantation, four miles northeast on the Pamunkey River, was the home of Daniel Parke Custis, one of Virginia’s wealthiest men in the mid-18th century.

St. Peter’s Parish of the Church of England was formed in 1679.

Confederate Brig. Gen. J. E. B. Stuart and about 1,200 cavalrymen arrived here after dark on 13 June 1862 during their four-day ride around Union Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan’s Army of the Potomac.

New Kent County, established in 1654, built a brick courthouse here by 1695.

James Lafayette was born in slavery about 1748 near here.

About two miles northeast stood Chestnut Grove, the plantation home of John and Frances Jones Dandridge, where Martha Dandridge, the eldest of eight children, was born on 2 June 1731.

Richard Littlepage III established Cumberland Town on the south side of the Pamunkey River in 1748.

Gilbert Chase, a New England ship captain, recovered a bronze French cannon in the Pamunkey River off Cumberland Town in June 1816.

In May 1862, during the Peninsula Campaign, the Union Army of the Potomac under Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan advanced up the Pamunkey River toward Richmond, while Confederate Gen. Joseph E. Johnston's army moved to defend the city.

George Poindexter (Poingdestre), a member of a prominent family on the Isle of Jersey in the English Channel, arrived in Virginia by the 1650s and settled at Middle Plantation, now Williamsburg.

Eltham, a mile northwest, was long the home of the Bassetts, a family of wealthy planters and public officeholders.

After fighting to a draw in the Battle of Williamsburg on 5 May 1862, Confederate Gen. Joseph E. Johnston's army withdrew toward Richmond.

The Brick House, built in the mid-1600s, stood 1.5 miles east of here on the York River.

In the 1968 Green v.

Samuel W. Crump, a native of New Kent County and a veteran of World War II, was among the first African Americans elected to public office in Virginia under the state's Constitution of 1902, which disfranchised many black voters.

A tavern was likely constructed near this site in the 1690s, when New Kent’s county seat was moved here.

Dr. Calvin C. Green, civil rights activist, led the movement for school integration in New Kent County.

Free African Americans settled in this area prior to the Civil War, forming a community later known as The Reservation.

Lee Hall, a stately Italianate plantation dwelling, was built by 1859 for affluent planter Richard Decatur Lee.

Fort Eustis, located half a mile south, is named for a native Virginian, Gen. Abraham Eustis (1786-1843), a commander of Fort Monroe.

Mulberry Point is situated on the James River, on the grounds of present-day Fort Eustis.

Lee's Mill, a pre-war tide mill, formed part of Confederate Maj. Gen. John Bankhead Magruder's second Peninsula defensive line.

The clerk's office was built in 1810, when Warwick Courthouse was moved here.

Following the 10 June 1861 Battle of Big Bethel, Maj. Gen. John B. Magruder, commander of the Confederate Army of the Peninsula, organized the construction of three defensive lines of fortifications across the peninsula.

Following the 10 June 1861 Battle of Big Bethel, Confederate Gen. John B. Magruder established a base at Young's Mill.

Denbigh Parish was established about 1635 and took its name from the nearby Denbigh plantation.

The area was first referred to as "Newportes Newes" as early as 1619, and the first known English settler lived here in 1621.

Born here in Newport News 25 Apr. 1917, Ella Fitzgerald, known as Lady Ella or the First Lady of Song, was considered one of the most influential jazz vocalists of the 20th century.

These earthworks were part of General John B. Magruder's second line of defense.

In 1897, a group of largely Midwestern Amish and Mennonite families, attracted by inexpensive farmland and rich timberland located near the growing urban center of Newport News, moved here to found the Mennonite Colony, an agrarian religious community.

The area was first referred to as "Newportes Newes" as early as 1619, and the first known English settler lived here in 1621.

James A. Fields acquired this late-Victorian Italianate-style brick house in 1893.

Educator, politician, and Civil Rights pioneer Jessie Menifield Rattley (1929–2001) was born in Birmingham, Alabama.

African American residents of Warwick County campaigned for new public schools to replace inadequate, overcrowded facilities in the 1930s and 1940s.

Marcus Garvey founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) in 1914 and launched its sixth division, or branch, in Newport News in 1918.

The Newport News Shipbuilding and Dry Dock Company, founded in 1886, quickly became one of the nation's foremost builders of military and commercial ships.

Pearl Bailey, singer, author, and humanitarian, was born in Newport News.

The Campbellite congregation now associated with Lebanon Church was established about 1825.

This traditional farmhouse was probably built for William Harwood around 1769.

From July 1919 until Aug. 1921, the U.S. Navy operated an aviation training school north of here at what was then known as the U.S. Navy Mine Depot (U.S. Naval Weapons Station).

Commissioned in 1943, USS Iowa (BB-61) led the world's most powerful battleship class.

New Town once stood to the south along the Eastern Branch of the Elizabeth River.

Founded in 1855, the Hospital of Saint Vincent DePaul was Norfolk's first civilian hospital.

These gardens were conceived by City Manager Thomas Thompson during the Great Depression.

The Bank Street Baptist Church was built on this site in 1802 as a Presbyterian church.

Here from 1914 to 1961 stood the third armory of the Norfolk Light Artillery Blues (Battery B, 111th Field Artillery, Virginia National Guard) formed in 1829, as well as the Headquarters Battery, Regimental Band, and the 104th Medical Corps Detachment.

On 14 November, 1910, Eugene Ely in a Curtiss built "Hudson Flyer," utilizing a specially constructed platform with an uptilt at the end, took off from the cruiser Birmingham anchored off Fort Monroe and landed at Willoughby Spit, 2 1/2 miles distant, thus completing the first flight from ship to shore and the first flight to utilize the "Ski Jump" deck.

The depot began in 1917 as part of the Naval Air Detachment of six canvas hangars servicing seven seaplanes.

On 14 Nov. 1910, off Old Point Comfort across the harbor from here, the U.S. Navy demonstrated that airplanes could be launched from ships.

On 6 May 1862, shortly after Union forces began to pursue the Confederates up the Peninsula toward Richmond, Pres. Abraham Lincoln, Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton, and Secretary of the Treasury Salmon P. Chase arrived at nearby Fort Monroe.

This shrine commemorates the Susan Constant, the flagship of the fleet that carried the first English settlers to Virginia in 1607.

The first major amphibious action of World War II was planned near here in the Nansemond Hotel, Hdq. of Amphibious Force U.S. Atlantic Fleet.

Tennessee native Samuel L. Slover established himself in Norfolk in 1905 as co-owner of the Public Ledger, a local newspaper.

The U.S. Army dirigible Roma crashed and exploded just west of here during a test flight on 21 Feb. 1922.

From 1933 to 1942, Navy recruits of African descent attended this school, located in barracks at Unit "K-West" and later at "B-East."

Ella Baker, born in Norfolk, was a leader in the Civil Rights Movement for five decades.

President George Washington authorized the construction of 19 coastal defense fortifications in 1794.

This historically African American burial place, first known as Potter's Field, was established as Calvary Cemetery in 1873 and renamed West Point Cemetery in 1885.

Elmwood Cemetery, established in 1853, is Norfolk's second-oldest municipal cemetery.

John T. West High School, one of Virginia's first accredited public high schools for African Americans, was renamed in 1917 for Booker T. Washington, educator, author, and orator.

William Carney, born into slavery in Norfolk, gained his freedom and settled in New Bedford, MA, ca. 1856.

Evelyn Butts, civil rights activist and community organizer, worked to secure voting rights for African Americans.

On 1 Dec. 1922, Iota Omega became the first graduate chapter of Alpha Kappa Alpha Sorority, Inc.®, chartered in Hampton Roads.

The United Order of Tents of J.R. Giddings and Jollifee Union, founded by and for African American women, emerged from efforts to aid enslaved people who sought freedom along the Underground Railroad.

The Attucks Theatre, known as the “Apollo of the South,” was built in 1919 in Norfolk’s thriving Black business district.

North Carolina native Plummer Bernard (P. B.) Young moved to Norfolk in 1907 to work at the Lodge Journal and Guide, the newspaper of an African American fraternal organization.

Tidewater Institute was incorporated in 1903 with the stated purpose of establishing an industrial, academic, collegiate, and seminary boarding school for the education of black youth.

1.8 miles east of here stood Salem Methodist Church (1836-1918), scene of the initial violence resulting from the schism between northern and southern Methodists in 1846.

The Town of Cape Charles was founded in 1884 by Alexander Cassatt and William L. Scott as the southern terminus of the New York, Philadelphia & Norfolk Railroad.

Benjamin Stratton, a member of the family that had owned the land since 1636, constructed this finely crafted house nearby about 1764, according to dated chimney bricks.

About two miles west was Town Fields, the first seat of local government on Virginia's Eastern Shore.

Thomas Savage, a lad of thirteen, arrived at Jamestown on 2 Jan. 1608 with Capt. Christopher Newport on the ship John and Francis.

The Gingaskin Indian Reservation was located nearby from 1640 to 1813 and was created from a land patent in 1640 that set aside land for the Accomac Indians.

Northampton County was one of Virginia's eight original shires formed by 1634.

Three miles west stands the third church of Hungars Parish, begun in 1742 and completed by 1751, one of two colonial churches remaining on Virginia's Eastern Shore.

Born enslaved on 29 May 1845 near Eastville, Northampton County, Peter Jacob Carter served in the 10th United States Colored Troops during the Civil War and afterward attended Hampton Institute.

Elijah Baker, Baptist preacher, began his ministry in Lunenburg County.

Arthur “Big Boy” Crudup, a blues singer, guitarist, and songwriter sometimes called “The Father of Rock ‘n’ Roll,” was born in Mississippi and gained prominence as a recording artist in Chicago in the 1940s.

Constructed in 1953 as the county's first purpose-built African American high school, Northampton County High School reflects the desires of local African Americans to obtain modern educational facilities.

Local African American activism led to the construction of this school in 1929.

Ditchley, five miles northeast, was patented in 1651 by Colonel Richard Lee.

During the War of 1812, on 7 Aug. 1814 ten British ships and smaller vessels appeared on the Coan River, which flows into the Potomac.

About 3.5 miles north is the site of Northumberland House, the seat of the prominent Presly family.

Following paramount chief Opechancanough's 1644 organized attacks against the English colonists for encroaching on Indian lands, Governor William Berkeley led further military strikes against the Virginia Indians in July 1645, taking many prisoners.

On the hill is Morattico church, organized in 1778, the mother Baptist Church of the Northern Neck.

In 1868, Caroline Putnam (1826-1917) established a school for the children of former slaves here.

Formed in 1653 as Chickacone Parish and renamed Fairfield in 1664.

Elijah W. Reed, a New England ship captain, established the town in 1874 after building a factory here to process menhaden, a small bony fish rich in oil.

Settled by Englishmen about 1640, Cherry Point was later a childhood home of Mary Ball, the mother of George Washington.

Two miles northeast, at Lodge, stood the Chambers Stamp Factory, owned by the same family for four generations.

One mile west stands Coan Baptist Church.

Originally known as Hughlett's Tavern, this building, located behind the courthouse, served visitors to court for more than 150 years.

Originally known as Northumberland County Training School, this institution opened in 1917, under principal John M. Ellison.

John Heath was born on 8 May 1758 in Northumberland County.

The Virginia General Assembly incorporated the Northumberland Academy in 1818.

(Obverse) During the War of 1812, thousands of enslaved African Americans gained freedom by fighting for the British or serving as guides during British raids on coastal communities.

(Obverse) Two miles east on 3 Aug. 1814, 500 British marines and seamen under Adm. Sir George Cockburn landed at Mundy's Point and Kinsale.

The Rev. Paymus (Pyramus) Nutt, born into slavery, helped organize four African American churches in Northumberland County after the Civil War.

On 5 Sept. 1791, Robert Carter III (1728-1804), one of the wealthiest men in the United States, filed a deed of manumission at the Northumberland County Courthouse.

First Baptist Church, the earliest African American Baptist congregation in Northumberland County, originated in 1866 when black members of Coan Baptist Church began holding worship services at the home of Alexander Day.

Richmond County Formed in 1692 from Old Rappahannock County, and named for the town of Richmond, Surrey, England.

Near here on 23 June 1864, Confederate Maj. Gen. W. H. F. "Rooney" Lee positioned his cavalrymen between those of Union generals August V. Kautz and James H. Wilson, who were riding toward Burkeville.

Blackstone was first known as Blacks and Whites, after two rival late 18th-century taverns.

Named in honor of Confederate Maj. Gen. George Edward Pickett upon its creation in 1942, Camp Pickett was dedicated to the cause of a "reunited nation at war."

Three blocks south is the campus of the former Blackstone Female Institute, after 1915 Blackstone College for Girls, a teacher-training school that opened in 1894 with some 75 students including 29 boarders.

Late in 1941, the U.S. government began the condemnation of some 46,000 acres near Blackstone to establish Camp Pickett and train troops for World War II.

John Fowlkes constructed Hyde Park in the late 18th century; it was expanded in the 19th and early 20th centuries.

On this site stood the Nottoway Training School, the first public school to provide secondary education for African Americans in Nottoway County.

American Revolutionary soldier Peter Francisco in July 1781 encountered about nine of British Lt. Gen. Banastre Tarleton's dragoons to the east at Ward's Tavern.

First Farm Demonstration Agent in Virginia lived one mile south.

Near here is the site of CCC Company 1370 from 1935-1940.

Roger A. Pryor was reared at Old Place near present-day Crewe.

Blackstone residents Mattie Walton Epes (1896-1993) and Wilfred Preston “Pete” Maddux (1897-1977) wrote the popular Virginia Tech fight song “Tech Triumph” at this house in 1919.

Nearby lived John Stewart, also known as Jack, the African Preacher, who won renown as a minister and biblical scholar.

Piedmont Sanatorium opened in April 1918 as the first public residential facility in Virginia for African American patients with tuberculosis.

This school, built at a cost of more than $600,000, provided secondary education to Black students from 1950 until 1970, when Nottoway County fully desegregated its schools.

Lottie Moon, a native of Charlottesville, was appointed by the Southern Baptist Foreign Mission Board as a missionary to China in 1873 where she served for forty years.

Near here stood Union Academy, conducted by Hardy and Crenshaw from 1861 to about 1869.

This is the site of the Old Nottoway Meeting House, built in 1769, the second Baptist church established south of James River.

Nottoway County Formed in 1788 from Amelia, and named for an Indian tribe.

Nottoway County Formed in 1788 from Amelia, and named for an Indian tribe.

Prince Edward County Formed in 1753 from Amelia, and named for Prince Edward, son of Frederick, Prince of Wales, and younger brother of King George III.

Nottoway County Formed in 1788 from Amelia, and named for an Indian tribe.

Here was born Zachary Taylor, twelfth president of the United States, November 24, 1784.

The ruins of Barboursville, the home of James Barbour (1775-1842), are just to the south.

A mile west is the grave of James L. Kemper (1823-1895).

Near here was the church of James Waddel, the blind Presbyterian preacher.

Five miles southwest is Montpelier, the home of James Madison, "Father of the American Constitution" and fourth President of the United States, 1809-1817.

Beginning in 1749, Orange County's successive courthouses have been located just west of here.

Near here Stonewall Jackson camped, August 13-15, 1862, just after the Cedar Mountain engagement.

Germanna Ford, a natural crossing of the Rapidan River, has made this area an important transportation corridor for centuries.

Dr. Robert Thomas, a prominent Orange County physician, constructed Oakley in the Greek Revival style in 1843.

Half a mile west, at the Rogers farm called Middle Hill, Gen. Robert E. Lee kept his headquarters from Dec. 1863 to May 1864.

Here, on 12 July 1888, occurred one of Virginia's largest train disasters, the wreck of the Virginia Midland Railroad’s Train 52, the Piedmont Airline.

A mile north is Bloomsbury, estate of the pioneer, James Taylor, ancestor of Presidents James Madison and Zachary Taylor.

Two miles north, near Pisgah Church, Jackson, Ewell and A. P. Hill camped, August 15-20, 1862, awaiting Longstreet.

Union Maj. Gen. George G. Meade's Army of the Potomac crossed the Rapidan River on 26 Nov. 1863 in a last effort to strike Gen. Robert E. Lee’s Confederate Army of Northern Virginia before winter.

At dawn on 18 Aug. 1862, Maj. Gen. J. E. B. Stuart was awakened near here by the clatter of approaching cavalry.

Near here stood ancient Robinson's Tavern.

Baptist ministers Elijah Craig and Aaron Bledsoe organized this congregation in 1774 as their denomination grew in VA.

Lafayette, marching southward from Raccoon Ford, camped here, June 8-9, 1781.

George Gilmore was born into slavery at Montpelier about 1810.

Here at Barboursville lie the ruins of the family home of James Barbour, Virginia's governor during the War of 1812.

Born to Quaker parents in North Carolina, Dolley Payne lived with her family in Hanover County, Virginia until 1783.

Orange Graded School, built in 1925 to replace the African American schoolhouse on West Main Street, stood here.

The Orange County School Board acquired five acres here in 1894 and established Shady Grove School for African American students.

Isabella Miller Lightfoot, born in Pennsylvania and educated at Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute, taught African American children in Orange County from the 1880s to the 1930s.

Andrew Maples grew up in Orange and completed the Civilian Pilot Training Program at Hampton Institute in 1941.

The Madison-Barbour Rural Historic District, encompassing 32,520 acres of the Piedmont, has been inhabited for more than 12,000 years and contains almost 200 identified prehistoric archaeological sites.

This rural historic district encompasses 50 square miles of the Piedmont.

At the end of the Civil War, African Americans constituted a majority of the congregation at the white-led Zion Baptist Church, organized nearby in 1813.

Edna Lewis was born here in Freetown, a community established by people emancipated from slavery, including her grandfather Chester Lewis.

In the campaign of 1781, the Marquis de Lafayette marched through the Wilderness to rendezvous with Brig. Gen. “Mad Anthony” Wayne.

Madison County In the hills of the Piedmont, against the Blue Ridge Mountains, Madison County was formed from Culpeper County in 1792.

Orange County Formed from Spotsylvania County in 1734, Orange County, a pastoral Piedmont county, was probably named in honor of William IV, the Dutch prince of Orange, who married Anne, the Princess Royal, daughter of George II of England, earlier that year.

Culpeper County Formed in 1748 from Orange, and named for Lord Culpeper, Governor of Virginia 1680-83.

Orange County Formed in 1734 from Spotsylvania, and named for the prince of Orange, who in that year married Princess Anne, daughter of King George II.

Orange County Formed from Spotsylvania County in 1734, Orange County, a pastoral Piedmont county, was probably named in honor of William IV, the Dutch prince of Orange, who married Anne, the Princess Royal, daughter of George II of England, earlier that year.

In mid-June 1862, after Maj. Gen. Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson's Shenandoah Valley campaign, Brig. Gen. Beverly H. Robertson's cavalry screened from Union observation Jackson's movement east to join the Army of Northern Virginia near Richmond.

Just west of here is White House, a fortified stone dwelling constructed ca. 1760 during the Seven Years' War.

Six miles south, near Alma, stands Fort Philip Long, a small Germanic stone dwelling with a massive end chimney.

The Andrew Jackson School, named for a local Black entrepreneur, was built here in 1924-25 to serve African American students.

On 22 May 1865, after the Civil War ended, Capt. George W. Summers, Sgt. I. Newton Koontz, and two other armed veterans of Co. D, 7th Virginia Cavalry, en route to obtain their paroles, robbed six Federal cavalrymen of their horses near Woodstock.

Shenandoah County Formed in 1772 from Frederick, and first named Dunmore for Lord Dunmore, Governor of Virginia 1771-75.

Warren County Formed in 1836 from Frederick and Shenandoah, and named for General Joseph Warren, killed at Bunker Hill, 1775.

Roanoke newspaper publisher Junius B. Fishburn donated the land to create Fairy Stone State Park.

Just south of here is the site of Poplar Grove, home and burial place of Abram Penn, Revolutionary-era leader.

To the west stood Laurel Hill (built about 1830), where Confederate Maj. Gen. James Ewell Brown "Jeb" Stuart was born on 6 Feb. 1833 to Archibald Stuart, a lawyer and politician, and Elizabeth Letcher Pannill Stuart.

The Blue Ridge Mission School was established by the Virginia Baptist General Convention in 1916 at a site just to the southeast.

This place, first known as Taylorsville for George Taylor, early settler, was established in 1792 after the formation of Patrick County.

About three miles north stood Fort Mayo, commanded by Captain Samuel Harris in 1756 and visited in that year by Washington.

Four miles to the north is Rock Spring Plantation, the boyhood home of Industrialist R. J. Reynolds.

This was the westernmost point of the survey of the Virginia-North Carolina border run in 1728 by a Joint Commission from both colonies led by Col. William Byrd II of Westover.

In the late 1940s, as federal courts were requiring equity for segregated schools, the African American community in Patrick County campaigned for a consolidated school to replace inadequate facilities.

Floyd County Formed in 1831 from Montgomery, and added to from Franklin.

Patrick County Formed in 1790 from Henry, and named for Patrick Henry, who thus had two counties named for him.

North Carolina North Carolina was one of the original thirteen states.

North Carolina North Carolina was one of the original thirteen states.

Newmarket Racecourse, a one-mile oval built just north of here by 1793, was among the foremost tracks in the nation when horse racing was America's most popular sport.

This house was the town home of Peter Jones, who built it in 1763.

Here stood a dwelling house, constructed about 1764 by prosperous tobacco merchant, Richard Hanson, who, as a fervent Loyalist, fled Virginia in 1776.

Poplar Lawn is now known as Central Park.

Four blocks north is the traditional site of Fort Henry, established under the Act of 1645.

The Beasley House, on High Street three blocks north and half a block west of here, served as Gen. Robert E. Lee’s second headquarters during the Siege of Petersburg.

After a fire destroyed John Niblo's tavern in 1827, Niblo assembled a group of investors who constructed on this site in 1828 the three-story Bollingbrook Hotel, attributed to Otis Manson.

Battersea was the home of Colonel John Banister, a member of the House of Burgesses, the Revolutionary conventions, and the Continental Congress, as well as a framer of the Articles of Confederation and the first mayor of Petersburg.

St. Paul's Church was built in 1856.

Blandford Church opened in 1737 as the primary church of Bristol Parish, and its north wing was added in 1753.

Here was fought the Battle of Petersburg, April 25, 1781.

On the hilltop to the south is the site of East Hill, also known as Bollingbrook.

South Market Street became a fashionable address for Petersburg’s elite in the mid-19th century.

One block west stood the Union Street Methodist Church, completed in 1820.

On June 9, 1864, Kautz's Union cavalry, 1300 men, after overwhelming Archer's militia, one mile south, moved westward on this road to attack the city.

Upon this site, on June 9, 1864, Captain Edward Graham, commanding two guns of the Petersburg Artillery, repulsed the attack of Kautz's cavalry, 1300 men.

The first Methodist Meeting House in Petersburg was a theatre on West Old Street near the river rented by Gressett Davis.

The third home of Grace Church, a brick Gothic Revival-style building, stood on this site from 1859 to 1960.

On 25 Apr. 1781, Maj. Gen. Friedrich von Steuben's 1,000 Virginia militiamen, driven from the eastern edge of Blandford, established a strong defensive line along the western summit (now Madison Street) above Lieutenant Run valley.

To the west stood East Hill (Bollingbrook), home of the widow Mary Marshall Tabb Bolling.

On 25 Apr. 1781, American Brig. Gen. Peter Muhlenberg formed his first line of 500 Virginia militia here to meet the British.

About midday on 25 April 1781, Maj. Gen. William Phillips discovered that the right flank of the American militia, on the edge of Blandford was vulnerable to attack from the south and rear.

On 25 Apr. 1781, American Brig. Gen. Peter Muhlenberg's Virginia militia fell back west from Blandford, under heavy British fire, to a prepared line of defense here along the crest of this hill.

By the 1820s, Petersburg was developing into a major industrial city.

Peabody High School, originally the Colored High School, was established in 1870 in the old First Baptist Church located on Harrison Street.

Undine Smith Moore, educator and composer, was born in Jarratt and raised in Petersburg.

The Virginia Voters League, founded in 1941 and headquartered in this neighborhood of Petersburg, was a federation of local organizations that advocated for African American voters.

Scottish emigrant James Weddell (1807-1865) built this Greek Revival house about 1845 and lived there until his death.

The Bishop Payne Divinity School began here in 1878 at the St. Stephen's Episcopal Church Normal and Industrial School.

Joseph Jenkins Roberts, first president of Liberia, was born free in Norfolk.

In this vicinity on 18 June 1864 Col. Joshua L. Chamberlain received a near-fatal wound while leading a Union brigade in a charge against Confederate works defending Petersburg.

Twenty-eight members of Petersburg's large community of free African Americans purchased a one-acre tract to serve as a burial ground in 1840.

The town of Pocahontas, established in 1752, became part of Petersburg in 1784.

Joseph Cotten, actor, was born in Petersburg.

In March 1775, a Masonic lodge attached to the British army initiated Prince Hall and 14 other free black men as Freemasons in Massachusetts.

Charles Stewart, horseman, was born into slavery near Petersburg and spent part of his childhood on Pocahontas Island.

Howard Baugh (1920-2008) was born and raised in Petersburg.

First Baptist Church, one of the nation's oldest African American congregations, traces its origins to 1756, when worshipers known as New Lights began meeting outside Petersburg.

This cottage, built ca. 1860, is one of the few Gothic Revival dwellings in Petersburg.

Wyatt Tee Walker, pastor of Gillfield Baptist Church from 1953 to 1960, served as president of the Petersburg branch of the NAACP and as Virginia director of the Congress of Racial Equality.

The Readjuster Party, a biracial coalition led by former Confederate general William Mahone, won control of the Virginia General Assembly in 1879.

W. Langhorne Bond, aviation executive, grew up in this neighborhood.

A little north stood the McIlwaine home, Lee's field headquarters whence on the afternoon of April 2, 1865, the evacuation of Richmond and Petersburg was ordered.